Learning with nature is a form of psychological therapy for all, including children with disability. Beyond the psychological aspect, access to outdoor green space can also improve social, environmental, developmental, emotional and behavioural, and even medical outcomes. In Malaysia, studies of learning with nature remain scarce due to the Malaysian education system's focus on indoor learning rather than outdoor learning. This research aimed at determining perceptions towards the application of learning with nature among preschool educators. Qualitative methods were used for data collection, consisting of structured interview and field observation. Four preschools were selected as sample. Results show that learning with nature contributes to the positive development of the children. The approaches used to instil nature awareness include conducive landscape, environmental activities, outdoor class activities, outdoor free play, formal education and recreational programme outside a preschool. These involved both outdoor and indoor spaces and facilities. � 2018 by MIP.

Product recalls are damaging to companies due to its effects to financial performance as well as the image of the company. Product recall management is the final step of traceability system in a company. When the incidence of product recall happens, a company must have a good recall management system that works as the last defense to the company's image. This study examines the product recall management in two companies operating in Halal industry. The objective of this study is to examine the implementation of Halal traceability measures and recall programs in the companies under the study. This study employed case study method to obtain data from two companies operating in Halal industry; one is a manufacturing of Halal product while another is a slaughterhouse. This study provides analysis on Halal traceability system implemented by two companies and the procedure of food recall produced by Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM). Findings of the study indicate that both of the surveyed companies practiced seven elements of traceability system to prevent them from involving in the incidence of food recall. The results also imply that food recall management and Halal traceability implementation are important in order to maintain the company from receiving negative impacts of food recall. Future comparative research on the similarities between food recall in Halal food and non-Halal food industry could be conducted to improve the product recall management in the Halal industry.

A diet containing cholesterol is an essential component of biological function; however, cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) remain a major public health concern. This study investigated the effects of cooking methods (boiling and frying) on the production levels of COPs in processed foods. Samples, as represented by minced beef, chicken sausages, and fish fillets, were subjected to different cooking methods followed by COP extraction using a saponification method. Then, six common COPs, 5α-cholest, α-epoxy, β-epoxy, 25-HC, triol, and 7-keto, were quantified by triple quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS/MS). A significantly high number of COPs were detected in minced meat, of which 7-keto and triol were detected as major oxidation products, followed by chicken sausages and fish fillets (p ≤ 0.05). Compared to boiling, frying generated significantly more COPs, specifically triol (0.001-0.004 mg/kg) and 7-keto (0.001-0.200 mg/kg), in all samples. Interestingly, cholesterol level was found to be slightly (but not significantly) decreased in heat-treated samples due to oxidation during cooking, producing a higher number of COPs. Notably, the fish fillets were found to produce the fewest COPs due to the presence of a low amount of cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acids. In conclusion, adapting boiling as a way of cooking and choosing the right type of meat could serve to reduce COPs in processed foods.