Optical tomography is one of the tomography methods which are non-invasive and non-intrusive system, consisting of emitter with detectors. Most of the available detectors systems are intrusive where sensors or probes need to be placed within the analyzed processes and this will create disturbances in the current processes. This research are conducted in order to analyze and proved the capability of laser with Charge Coupled Device in an optical tomography system for detecting air bubbles exist in crystal clear water. Experiments in detecting moving air bubbles are conducted. The images of captured data are reconstructed based on filtered image of Linear Back Projection with Hybrid algorithms. As a conclusion, this research have successfully developed an optical tomography system that capable to capture the image and measure the diameter and velocity of rising air bubbles in a non-flowing crystal clear water. � 2016 Elsevier Ltd.

An application of charge-coupled device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography (OPT) system is presented. The measurements are based on the final light intensity received by the sensor. The aim is to analyse and demonstrate the capability of laser with a CCD in an OPT system for detecting transparent objects in crystal clear water. The image reconstruction algorithms used were filtered images of linear back projection algorithms. These algorithms were programmed using LabVIEW programming software. Experiments in detecting transparent hollow straw were conducted. Based on the results, statistical analysis was performed to verify that the captured data were valid compared with the actual object data. The object's characteristics such as diameter also are observed. In conclusion, a non-intrusive and non-invasive OPT system that can detect transparent objects in crystal clear water is successfully developed. � The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2017.

This paper explains the front-end design for noninvasive electrical resistance tomography. The electrical resistance tomography system presented in this paper uses high-frequency potential. In this design, the phase-shift demodulation (PSD) approach was eliminated and replaced by a peak detector circuit. The switching between transmitter/receiver and the transmitting channel was controlled by an analogue switch, MAX319 and demultiplexer, DG406, respectively. A microcontroller was applied to the data acquisition which eliminates the needs of a data acquisition system. Sensor readings of each receiver from each transmitter groups were tested experimentally, compared and analysed with simulation results. These experimental readings were compared with the sensors reading simulated from COMSOL Multiphysics software. As a result, the current values between 0-1mA from experiments was similar with the simulation results for all groups of transmitters. Thus, it can be concluded that the front-end design can be applied for the non-invasive ERT when high frequency is considered. � 2018 Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. All rights reserved.

A tomographic system is a method used for capturing an image of an internal object section. Optical tomography is one method which widely used in medical and industrial fields. This paper reviews several applications of Charged Coupled Devices (CCD) and introduces an application of a CCD in an optical tomography system. Most of the previous research used this component for displacement measurement and as a video camera. This paper discusses its basic principle of operation, basic construction, its criteria, application, and its advantages compared to other optoelectronic sensors available in today�s market. The applications of this sensor in fields such as astronomy and medical has proved the ability and the good performance of CCD in capturing images. This sensor should widen its usage in optical tomography fields because it can give high performance in image reconstruction. � 2015 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.

Tomography is a method that has been used for image reconstruction in the medical and engineering fields. Optical tomography is one of the various methods applied in tomography systems. This tomography method is widely used in the medical and processing industries fields because of its special characteristics, such as immunity to electrical noise and interference, high resolution and its hard field sensors. The basic principle of the optical tomography system in measuring an object is based on its wave and radiation source. This article is a review of the characteristics of light and its interaction with matter, the types of optical tomography system, the basic construction of an optical tomography system, types of optoelectronic sensors and image reconstruction. � 2014 Penerbit UTM Press. All rights reserved.