In this digital era, protecting an organisation's sensitive information system assets against cyberattacks is challenging. Globally, organisations spend heavily on information security (InfoSec) technological countermeasures. Public and private sectors often fail to secure their information assets because they depend primarily on technical solutions. Human components create the bulk of cybersecurity incidents directly or indirectly, causing many organisational information security breaches. Employees' information security awareness (ISA) is crucial to preventing poor information security behaviours. Until recently, there was little combined information on how to improve ISA and how investigated factors influencing employees' ISA levels were. This paper proposed a comprehensive theoretical model based on the Protection Motivation Theory, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, the General Deterrence Theory, and Facilitating Conditions for assessing public sector employees' ISA intentions for information security behaviour. Using a survey and the structural equation modelling (SEM) method, this research reveals that the utilised factors are positively associated with actual information security behaviour adoption, except for perceived sanction certainty. The findings suggest that the three theories and facilitating conditions provide the most influential theoretical framework for explaining public sector employees' information security adoption behaviour. These findings support previous empirical research on why employees' information on security behaviours vary. Consistent with earlier research, these psychological factors are just as critical as facilitating conditions in ensuring more significant behavioural intention to engage in ISA activities, ensuring information security behaviour. The study recommends that public-sector organisations invest in their employees' applied information security training.

With the development of current digitization and the Covid-19 pandemic, these have forced teachers to carry out the online learning activities. However, the traditional learning activities using printed textbooks might make students disinterested in payingattention for the subject, especially during the online learning. The development of digital comic as teaching and learn-ing tools was plenty, however this research aims to focused on the development of the digital comic of Pengajian Hadith in the Al-Quran and Sunnah Education (PQS) subject, which is a printed textbook was converted into a digital comic to be a solution to help and motivate stu-dents in learning of this subject because the digital comic has more interactive features that is easy to remember, understand. Besides that, the digital comic developed aim to be a solution that can be accessed anywhere, anytime and more enjoyable. This research focused on the de-velopment of the digital comic of Form Five Ibnu Rusyd students from Sekolah Menengah Agama AL-Ihsan, Kuantan Pahang based on the topic of PQS textbook to support the online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The development of the digital comic based on the A.D.D.I.E model. It is hope that the proposed digital comic will be suitable to be used and in-crease the students’ interest in learning the Al-Quran and Sunnah Education (PQS) subject.

Throughout the covid-19 pandemic, technology in education has been important. This is a new norm in learning patterns. The study first investigates how user experience factors (useful, desire, accessible, usable) influence secondary school students' open distance learning (ODL). The second aim is to measure the emotion associated with their profiles. The method used is a questionnaire involving 161 respondents aged 13 to 17 years old. Findings show that user experience factors are significant to ODL, and the emotions associated with the likelihood ratio of gender and type of school are pleasant and unpleasant. Future work expands different target respondents, expands other user experience factors such as findable and credible, and expands different types of emotions.

Mobile Government (MG) applications provide services anytime from anywhere at less time, lower costs, and efforts. However, the security and privacy concerns of MG applications might influence the acceptance level of these applications by the citizens. MG applications acceptance by users has several challenges such as security and privacy. This study investigates the mediating effect of the motivation of use on the relationship between security and privacy, and the actual use of MG applications. Security and privacy are independent factors in this study. The data in this study is collected using questionnaires among 513 Jordanian citizens. The questionnaires are constructed based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the mediation role of motivation factors (usefulness and ease of use) in the relationship between security and privacy and intention and attitudes of using the MG applications. The data are analyzed using AMOS in terms of Structured Equation Model (SEM). The results show that privacy concerns affect the motivation to use M-government applications. This paper contributes in expanding the acceptance factors of MG applications with the inclusion of security and privacy factors. The results show that related to the privacy affects to use MG applications that should be assured to enhance the acceptance of M-government applications. Although security is important, the citizens do not believe that security has some effects on the acceptance level of the M-government application. The research fills the gap of study on the motivation to use MG application based on the security and privacy toward the actual use of MG applications. Keywords: Mobile applications, Mobile government, Government services, security, privacy, acceptance.

Social network is term used to refer to the social structure that is made up of a set of social actors. The social actors in this case include organizations or individuals. Social networks allow people to interact and socialize as they get to learn and know each other. Through social networking sites, people from different parts of a country or the world also get to meet and interact. However, there have been issues with regards to social network privacy for those who use the internet to use social network sites. This paper will look at some of the factors that affect trust of the users as well as the privacy issues related to social networks (Fernandez, 2009). Keywords:Social network;Privacy model;factors effecting trust

Social and political behaviour relies much on communication. However in Islamic teaching, these human to human behaviours need to comply with the al-Quran and Sunnah that will be realized as adab and akhlaq or in other words ethics. This human to human relationship is founded by human to Allah relationship that will give rise to ibadah and taqwa. In Islam , privacy of another person is held in high respect. One should not pry in another person personal life or space because it is considered unethical thus not a good sign of taqwa. In the digital world, with the advancement of Internet that gave birth to social network, ethics, privacy and security is important concern. This study looks at privacy and security from the Islamic perspectives. A survey was conducted with 200 social network users using snowball sampling to find put their awareness of privacy and security related issues on social network. The study showed that majority of users are not aware even some do not even bother on the privacy and security issues. Thus, a user oriented privacy model was proposed that will protect users information by default unless the user set it otherwise. It will give more control to users on what to share on the social media with the public.

This paper aims at investigating the impacts between information sources used and human attributes, namely: Attitude, Habit and Awareness of Individual in seeking for information about halal food products effectively among Malaysian Muslim consumers in Kuala Lumpur. This study was conducted to address the following research questions: 1) Are there any relationships between the use of different information sources and Attitude that might positively relate to the perception of wholesomeness, leading to effective seeking for halal food information?; 2) Are there any relationships between the use of different information sources and Habit that might positively relate to the perception of wholesomeness, leading to effective searching for halal food information?; and 3) Are there any relationships between the use of different information sources and Awareness of individuals that might positively relate to the perception of wholesomeness, leading to effective searching for halal food information? A pilot study was conducted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, with a sample size of 50 respondents. Most of the respondents were young Malaysian Muslims between the ages of 18 and 24 years old. The data was gathered through a five point Likert scale and was analysed quantitatively using SPSS. The findings of this study suggest that linking between information sources used by consumers, and the above mentioned human attributes will ensure the perception of wholesomeness of halal food. In other words, when the consumer’s attitude, habit and awareness towards halal food are high, the consumer will use credible and trusted information sources, and hence reach an effective searching process for halal food information. Accordingly, this study provides insights into how Malaysian Muslim consumers seek information for halal food.