Introduction: Malay traditional medicine has been said to be cross-pollinated with Islamic traditional wisdom originating from the Middle East, including using ingredients mentioned by the Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) referred to as prophetic foods. A systematic review of Malay manuscripts was conducted to delineate traditional medicinal practices for four common illnesses found in the 'bottom billion' of the world's population namely worm infestation, gastroenteritis, fatigue and anaemia. Methods: A search strategy was developed to scan established catalogues of Malay manuscripts. The physical manuscripts were then systematically handsearched for relevant treatments for the above illnesses. The relevant prescriptions were captured, transliterated and translated for analysis. Results: Traditional medicinal prescriptions were obtained from 80 Malay manuscripts and commonly used ingredients were nutmeg, black seed, garlic and others. Few treatments used prophetic food ingredients such as date palm and goat's milk. Conclusion: Malay traditional medicines draw mainly on local wisdom and ingredients, with enrichment from Islamic medicinal practices.

This study examines the phenomenon occuring in the Islamic world in particular, where religion is experiencing serious self-destructive divisions caused by uncontrolled interests in theology, socio-political and economic matters. This can be seen in several Middle Eastern countries such as Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Afghanistan where there are numerous suicide bombings and mass killings among groups who are all Muslims. Indonesia as the world's largest Muslim country is trying to protect itself from these undesirable threats, especially those of disunity and separation. This is more so due to the very nature of Indonesia that uniquely has a variety of religions, cultures, languages, customs, ethnic groups and tribes. Based on facts derived from observation and documentation this paper attempts to analyse the phenomenon. The results of the analysis show that Indonesia through the two most dominant religious organizations, namely Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah, has developed moderate Islam as a response to its multicultural and multireligious diversity. Moderate Islam is based on the teachings of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama 'ah in the fields of law, theology and mysticism which are characterized by tolerance, moderation and acceptance of the existence of others. The moderate Islam model followed by these two religious organizations has been accepted globally through the opening of their branches in several Western countries and the Middle East, thus proving that it can be a solution for creating peace and harmony in the world.