In Pakistan, bank lending plays a critical role in economic activities due to the scarcity of stocks and bond options. Islamic banks face an extra layer of difficulty with limited open market instruments and lender of last resort facilities, as well as tough competition with conventional banks. This study analyzes the differences in bank lending by Islamic and conventional banks in transmitting monetary policy by modeling bank credit as a dependent variable while bank-specific assets, liquidity, capital and growth, inflation, and policy rates as explanatory variables. Polled OLS fixed effect panel data models are used to analyze annual data for 2009-2018. The study finds that Islamic bank credit is influenced significantly by policy rates, inflation, and growth, as well as capital and liquidity. Conventional bank credit is significantly affected by the policy rates, growth, and inflation but capital and liquidity are less correlated. This paper concluded that Islamic banks are significant in policy transmission. However, policy tools and differences in operations and contracts affect Islamic bank equity and liquidity which may suffer long-term economic participation

This study aims to explore the influence of religion on attitude and intention of individuals towards adopting Islamic banking in Mauritania. Mauritania is one of the countries with 100 percent Muslim population, and 31% of this populace is under the international poverty line. Moreover, the Mauritanian financial system is a bank-based system that is still functioning under financial conventional law. Thus, it is imperative to explore the potential avenue for Islamic banking, which is still in its infancy stage. In efforts to explore the role of religion and factors influencing the intention towards adopting Islamic banking in Mauritania, a data of 583 Mauritanian households were successfully collected through self-administered questionnaires based on random sampling method. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) is adopted to determine the effect of religion on attitude as well as predictors of intention towards adopting Islamic banking. The results from the Structural Equation Modeling analysis using AMOS show that religion factor was found to be significantly influencing attitude and intention. Further, the results indicate that the attitude, perceived behavioural control and subjective norms are proved to have significant impacts on households’ intention towards adoption. The findings of this study afford valuable insights into designing effective strategies to adopt and develop the Islamic banking system in Mauritania.

Muslim scholars and experts have given their views on issues related to the permissive and prohibitive use of cryptocurrencies. Scholars and experts’ decisions were of three categories: permitted the use of cryptocurrency; prohibited its use based on Islamic principles; and tawaqquf, yet to make their final decision on the acceptance or otherwise. The main objective of this study was to systematically examine and organize the various studies and research that explored known common ideasamong Muslim scholars and experts on issues related to the use of cryptocurrency in Muslim communities. This study adopted the PRISMA guideline of reporting a systematic literature review, where it identified and explored available literature in Scopus, Emerald Insight, and Google Scholar, related to Muslim scholars' and experts’ decisions on the use of cryptocurrency. With the increasing use of cryptocurrency globally, the topic has also rapidly grown among Muslim scholars and experts, which has created aneed for a real conclusion and justification for the people to hold on to. The systematic literature review revealed that the Muslim scholars and experts’ views on cryptocurrencies can be sub-categorized further: permitted its use (requirements compliant, regulations, justified reasons, wide acceptance, and gold-backed), prohibited its use (speculative nature, restrictions by authorities, fewer benefits, and religious beliefs), and tawaqquf (potentials for improvement, PMBC, Islamic cryptocurrencies, and backed Dinar and Dirham crypto). The conceptual contribution of this study was that views expressed by Muslim scholars and experts on cryptocurrencies be categorized for public consumption and guide in understanding issues.