Euphorbia hirta is widely used as traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate E. hirta parts and whole plants for the antibacterial activities plus phytochemical exist through acetone extracts. Antibacterial assay was carried out via agar well diffusion assay for screening purpose and finally through micro dilution method in order to determine minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against 10 selected bacteria. Gram positive bacteria were more susceptible compared to Gram negative bacteria via agar well diffusion assay. Whole plants E. hirta extracts very useful for inhibitory bacterium purpose. Whilst, all E. hirta extracts exhibited the bactericidal effect towards the ten bacteria tested. All bacteria tested susceptible to the roots extract based on the MBC/MIC value which is less than or equal to 4 (≤4). Phytochemical screening of E. hirta extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, lipids, protein, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, resins, steroids, acidic compounds, tannins, glycosides, phenols and terpenoids. Key words: Euphorbia hirta, antibacterial activities, agar well diffusion assay, micro dilution method, phytochemical screening.

Extracellular proteins secreted by diverse bacteria with broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity can be used as an alternative treatment against antibiotic resistant and spoilage microorganisms. However, the extracellular proteins produced by bacteria are affected by environmental stress factors and growth conditions. Therefore, antimicrobial activity of extracellular proteins secreted by Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332 in the presence of Cymbopogon flexuosus as stress inducer and cultivated in different growth conditions was evaluated against four selected strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei and Staphylococcus epidermidis by agar-well diffusion test and microdilution assay. Agar-well diffusion test was carried out to identify the antimicrobial susceptibility, while microdilution assay was done to determine the inhibition and bactericidal effects. B. subtilis ATCC21332 cells were treated with a low concentration (0.01 MIC) of C. flexuosus essential oil and cultured in various growth conditions such as different pH media (pH 6, pH 7 and pH 8) ornutrient sources, including 1% (w/w) of carbon (glucose, sucrose and starch), 1% (w/w) of nitrogen (casein, gelatin and urea) and 1% (w/w) of inorganic salt (sodium nitrate, calcium chloride and sodium dihydrogen phosphate). After 72 h of fermentation at 30°C, the secreted extracellular proteins were then extracted and analysed for antimicrobial activity. Results showed that the extracellular proteins secreted by stress induced B. subtilis ATCC21332 and cultivated in media with 1% of sucrose exhibited antimicrobial activity against two bacterial strains which are S. epidermidis and B. cereus with 8.0 ± 0.8 mm and 6.0 ± 0.0 mm of inhibition zone respectively. Meanwhile, the extracellular proteins extracted from bacteria cultured in each different media supplemented either with 1% of casein, 1 % of sodium nitrate and 1% of calcium chloride only showed antimicrobial activity against B. cereus with inhibition zone of 7.5 ± 0.5 mm, 8.0 ± 1.0 mm and 9.0 ± 0.0 mm respectively. Although the extracellular proteins indicated inhibitory effect against B. cereus and S. epidermidis, however the proteins only exhibited bactericidal effect towards B. cereus. Keywords: Antimicrobial Activity, Extracellular Proteins, Bacillus subtilis ATCC21332, Cymbopogon flexuosus Essential Oil.