Introduction: The purpose of the current case is to give a detail description on an incidence of a traumatized upper left central incisor with symptomatic periapical periodontitis which was root treated. Descriptions: The apical portion of the tooth had a large apical lesion with external root resorption that end up with an open apex due to the loss of tooth cementum, dentine and adjacent hard tissue. The tooth was endodontically retreated, and the apical region was treated surgically with apical curettage and retrograde Mineral Trioxide Aggregate filling (MTA). Results: The affected tooth was considered successful both functionally and aesthetically during a 12-month follow-up. Conclusion: Apicoectomy and retrograde filling with MTA is a viable option in case of treating traumatized tooth with large peri-apical lesion and open apex

Introduction: According to the Ministry of Health Statistics, there have been 87,710 confirmed HIV infected cases in Malaysia. The objective of this study is to determine how well MAHSA University medical students knew about HIV/AIDS. Methods:This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted at MAHSA University's School of Medicine. The surveys focused on different mechanisms of transmission, high-risk behaviours, and prevention strategies. Results :A total of 360 medical students participate in this study. Medical students in pre-clinical years had substantially higher knowledge ratings than those in clinical years (p=0.045). Comfortableness dealing with HIV/AIDS patients had the highest stigmatizing score (3.78 ± 0.86). Attitudes toward imposed measures had the lowest stigmatization score (mean 2.60 ± 0.62), knowledge score is significantly correlate with stigmatizing attitude (P=0.004). In addition, higher knowledge scores were shown among medical students who reported to have previous encounters with patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) (p<0.001). Knowledge scores were significantly low among the patients living with HIV (PEWHIV) (4.2 ± 1.67) (P=0.019). Concerning mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS infection, clinical medical students showed higher degree of knowledge as compare with preclinical years medical students with P value<0.05.Conclusion:The knowledge of medical students in MAHSA University is generally high, awareness of HIV transmission from mother to child through breast milk is still lacking, indicating that this is the most significant feature that has to be stressed and improved in future medical curriculum for better health care services and public education.

Introduction: Dental officers could be the first medical personal to diagnose HIV/AIDS and cross–contamination may happen. More efforts should be taken to improve knowledge and the behaviour of dental students towards HIV/AIDS patients. The objective of this study is to assess and compare knowledge and the attitude of USIM dental students towards HIV patients. Methods: A total of 136 dental students from Year 2 to Year 5 of academic year 2017/2018 participated in this study. Students were consented and briefed about the purpose of the current project prior to answering self-administered questionnaires that have been previously validated. Results: The mean total knowledge and attitude score were 69.65% (good) and 68.54(%) (passive), respectively. Both clinical and pre-clinical students have passive attitude towards HIV patients and showed good level of knowledge with 70.81% and 66.39% respectively. There were significant association between sex and knowledge of HIV/AIDS among USIM dental students (p=0.001). There is also a statistically positive weak correlation between knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. Conclusion: USIM dental undergraduates have good knowledge and passive attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. Improvement of dental curriculum regarding HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients is recommended through conducting activities such as seminar, workshop and small-group discussion among dental students.

Endodontics procedures are difficult and complicated that most of the practitioners would encounter. Therefore, dental students should gain their confidence and competent during their training. This research aimed to study the perception of final year students on confidence level regarding endodontic treatments from all public universities and their opinions on the quality of endodontic education. A Google Form was used to disseminate an online questionnaire to all dental students from public universities across Malaysia. The survey included both scaled answer and open-ended questions. 184 responses out of 235 students, were obtained (response rate = 78%). Perception of competence and confidence were significantly greater amongst the students from research-based universities group (P < 0.05). 93.5% (n=179) of participants agree that they were confident to do endodontic procedure on anterior tooth, whilst on posterior tooth, only 75.5% (n=139) were confident. Only 6.5 percent of participants (n = 12) did not feel confident doing root canal treatment on single-rooted teeth, but 76.1 percent (n = 140) did not feel competent performing root canal treatment on multirooted teeth. Over 90% of the students rated the quality and the amount of time spent on endodontic education were adequate at their respective university as ?5 on a Likert scale (1 = inadequate to 10 = adequate). In addition, when they were asked to give the suggestion on how to improve the quality of endodontic education, 10.9% of the students suggested to increase the number of practical session and to do regular discussion regarding endodontic cases. It is vital to improve undergraduate endodontic education in order to raise students' perceptions of their confidence and competence when doing root canal therapy.