This research aims to study the approaches to integrating scientific and Islamic knowledge based on the views of two selected Muslim scholar, namely Al-Ghazali and Alwani. A considerable amount of research has been produced on knowledge integration, yet there is still a lack of study in exploring the ‘processes’ of integration. Hence, this research highlights this particular aspect from both traditional and contemporary perspectives. Qualitative in nature, the data for this work was collected from the writings of the selected scholars and analyzed in order to find out how the integration is achieved. As a result, this study finds out two distinctive approaches to integration: Firstly, in al-Ghazali’s view, integration is an external and complementary factor where Islamic knowledge and science maintain their own entity but the later complements the former as a supportive tool; secondly, Alwani sees the integration as an internal and essential matter where a knowledge evolves as a result of a mix of scientific reading of the Quranic texts as well as reading of the nature based on Quranic worldview.

This paper explores the Qur’anic factors for nation’s rise and fall. It highlights on how the divine law, sunnatullah, is functioning in this connection. The researcher depends on the textual analysis method dealing with relevant verses of the Quran. Hence, various types of Tafsir books were consulted. The findings include as follows: according to Quran, the universe is created and regulated in a systematic way which makes it a cosmos and not a chaos. This system is called sunnatullah, the natural laws of cause and effect. The case of nation’s rise and fall is also governed by the same divine system. The Quran depicts the standards and virtues such as strong belief system, righteous deeds, justice, reformation, renewal, having knowledge and wisdom might raise a nation to the sublime position among other nations. Similarly, it refers to some factors such as luxury, injustice, religious extremism, disunity that could propel a nation from the sublime to the ridiculous. It is expected that this study would deliver a significant contribution to this subject.

This research aims to study the approaches to integrating scientific and Islamic knowledge based on the views of two selected Muslim scholar, namely Al-Ghazali and Alwani. A considerable amount of research has been produced on knowledge integration, yet there is still a lack of study in exploring the 'processes' of integration. Hence, this research highlights this particular aspect from both traditional and contemporary perspectives. Qualitative in nature, the data for this work was collected from the writings of the selected scholars and analyzed in order to find out how the integration is achieved. As a result, this study finds out two distinctive approaches to integration: Firstly, in al-Ghazali's view, integration is an external and complementary factor where Islamic knowledge and science maintain their own entity but the later complements the former as a supportive tool; secondly, Alwani sees the integration as an internal and essential matter where a knowledge evolves as a result of a mix of scientific reading of the Quranic texts as well as reading of the nature based on Quranic worldview.