Dokumen sebagai kaedah pembuktian sememangnya telah diterima sejak sekian lama sebagai salah satu kaedah pembuktian sama ada di Mahkamah Syariah atau Mahkamah Sivil. Sekalipun pada awal Islam penerimaan dokumen terhad untuk kes-kes tertentu sahaja berbanding ikrar, syahadah dan sumpah, namun kini suasana tersebut telah pun berubah. Kini dokumen menjadi kaedah pembuktian terpenting sama ada ia melibat kes mal atau jenayah. Dokumen dipecahkan kepada dua bahagian iaitu dokumen awam (rasmi) dan dokumen persendirian. Manakala dokumen rasmi menurut perundangan Islam pula terdapat beberapa bentuk antaranya ‘Diwan al-Qadhi’ yang menjadi topik perbincangan dalam kertas kerja ini. Para ulamak silam sehingga ke hari ini, menjadikan ‘Diwan al-Qadhi’ antara rujukan penting dalam penghakiman. Bahkan kekuatannya dalam pembuktian telah diterima oleh kebanyakan para ulamak dan pengamalpengamal undang-undang termasuklah kes pengakuan secara bertulis yang telah dibuat oleh seseorang berkaitan status sah taraf seseorang anak dengan dirinya. Kertas kerja ini akan memfokuskan kepada konsep dokumen ‘Diwan al-Qadhi’ serta kekuatannya dalam pembuktian menurut perspektif perundangan Islam. Sejauh manakah penerimaan ikrar bertulis dalam ‘Diwan al-Qadhi’ yang telah dibuat oleh seseorang berkaitan dengan anak tak sah taraf dapat dijadikan bukti dalam penghakiman. Hasil perbincangan ini akan menzahirkan bahawa dokumen ‘Diwan al-Qadhi’ mempunyai kekuatan yang tersendiri dalam membantu hakim membuat keputusan yang adil dan saksama.

This study aims to compare the perspective of legal sources of divorce in Indonesia and the United Kingdom by using a number of legal sources and other written literacy as the reading sources and reference (Public Research). This study used a qualitative-descriptive method by comparing divorce laws; analyzed the factors causing similarities and differences in the form of the rules in terms of divorce in Indonesia and the United Kingdom, and identified similarities and differences in how the two countries regulate the divorce issues. The researcher concerned with the biography and history of the two countries in the development of divorce law and found that social background, religion, political ideology, and history are the factors that have greatly affected the laws issued and implemented in country. This research will be a source of comparison and reflection for divorce law in Indonesia and the UK to become more progressive and developing. Alos, this research will be useful for further research on divorce law in Indonesia or the United Kingdom.

The study aims to analyze the Islamic constitutional legislative dimension and its importance in social and cultural transformation and building sound human relations toward civilized coexistence. The study also seeks to analyze the role of the Islamic Constitution in achieving social and cultural transformation towards civilized coexistence and study its most essential principles: preserving human rights and achieving justice and peace in society. The Islamic Constitution is the main source of laws and legislation that regulate the lives of people in the country and guarantee fundamental rights and freedoms for all regardless of race, sex, religion, color, nationality,or culture.The study will attempt to examinethe relationship between the Indonesian social contract (Pancasila) and Islamic and constitutional legislation, and consider its positive impact on promoting social transformation towards civilizational coexistence in Indonesia.The study focuses on three main axes. The role of the Islamic Constitution in the social transformation towardcivilizational coexistence. The possibility of investing Islamic constitutional values and principles in achieving social transformation towards civilizational coexistencein our societies today.thethird axis: Social transformation towards civilized coexistence through the constitutional social contract (Pancasila) The study used the descriptive analytical approach and collected data by analyzing some items related to the subject of the study from Islamic legislative sources, including the Holy Quran, Sunnah of the Prophet, and some other related sources. The study concluded that the Islamic constitutional legislative dimension is of great importance in achieving social transformation toward civilized coexistence.

دفت الدراسة إىل بيان أمهية التفريق يف العالقات الزوجية بني قضيتني مهمتني: ومها املعاشرة ابملعروف، واحلقوق والواجبات، وذلك لكون البعض خيلط بني هذين املفهومني يف العالقات الزوجية. وتتأكد أمهية هذا ِّض املوضوع يف ظل جائحة كرون رت ابلكثري من الناس يف أرزاقهم وعالقاهتم وغري ذلك من اليت ضربت العامل، وأ األمور احليوية احملورية اليت ترتبط ابلعالقات األسرية بشكل أو آبخر، ولذلك فإن الدراسة سوف تركز على حتليل املعلومات ذات العالقة هبتني القضيتني اجلوهريتني واحملورين الرئيسيني يف العالقات األسرية وخاصة الزوجية منها وهي حمور املعاشرة يف املعروف وحمور احلقوق والواجبات الزوجية يف الشريعة اإلسالمية يف ضل جائحة كوفيد 19 .وقد توصلت الدراسة إىل بعض النتائج واليت من أمهها: أن جائحة كوفيد 19 أثرت بشكل سليب على الوظائف واألعمال وهذا أدى بدوره إىل التأثري على العالقات الزوجية بسبب القصور اإلنفاق. وأن احلياة الزوجية يف حالة الكوارث واجلوائح تكون يف حالة خاصة يغلب فيها جانب املعاشرة ابملعروف أكثر من جانب احلقوق والواجبات. كما أن الشريعة أكدت أن األصل يف العالقة بني الزوجني هي احلب واملعروف واملواساة والرمحة والسكينة والرأفة والتكامل وهي ما متثل العشرة ابملعروف، ومل تنظر الشريعة اإلسالمية إىل احلقوق والواجبات إال يف إطار املرافعات القانونية واليت تكون يف حالة احلاجة إليها إذا تعكرت صفو العشرة وانتقلت إىل مرحلة املطالبة ابحلقوق والواجبات بني الزوجني. الكل مات املفتاحية: العشرة - احلقوق- الزوجية- جائحة كوفيد 19

Technological development in production methods has enabled man to exploit the elements of nature including impurities (najis) found in alcoholic products like disinfectants which are the best hand sanitizers used as protection against coronavirus. Muslims are weary about using these products for being alcohol-based: are they pure and therefore lawful for use or impure and therefore not lawful? This study examines the position of Islamic law regarding the effect of istihalah (chemical transformation) on alcoholic products (using COVID-19 prevention disinfectants as a case study). The research relies on inductive and analytical methodologies to collect, discuss and analyze the views of jurists on the issue and indicating from among such views the one that is most preponderant and compliant with the spirit and objectives of Islamic law. The most important findings of the research include: where alcoholic substances which are pure are found in the ingredients of disinfectants, then they can lawfully be used for cleaning and sanitizing with no effect on ablution and prayers because the origin in all things is lawfulness. But if the alcoholic ingredients used are najis then such najis may or may not completely transform during production. Complete transformation of the najis substance renders the product pure and lawful for use. Products made from incompletely transformed substances cannot be used for disinfection except in the absence of lawful alternative. But if the origin of the substances cannot be determined in terms of purity or otherwise then products made therefrom are prima facie lawful but it is better not to use them. Disinfectants established medically to be harmful are not lawful for use even if the harmful substance in them has been transformed.

Many mental illnesses have spread in the Islamic and Arab world, and among the most prevalent of these diseases are depression, anxiety, autism, Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, and others. These diseases have a severe impact on human life, and a large percentage of patients who suffer from them do not get treatment for them, as the people of sorcery have appeared in Muslim countries, who falsely claim to treat it, and falsely extort people’s money. This research aims to describe contemporary psychiatric diseases, and to reveal legitimate measures to prevent them, based on the inductive and descriptive analytical method. The research concluded that among the most important measures that protect a person from mental illness are the following: belief in Allah; seeking help and trust in Him; remembrances and aphoristic supplications; reciting the Qur’an and legal ruqyah; performing acts of obedience and displaying good morals; accompanying and sitting with the righteous; and taking medication. There are recent foreign scientific studies, which have confirmed a number of these means and measures that protect man from mental illnesses. It is not permissible to treat these mental illnesses with forbidden things, just as it is forbidden to take medication with sorcerers and priests (divineers); because it entails a great promise and help in disobedience to Almighty Allah.