The potential antimicrobial properties of tannins from Phyllanthus columnaris stem bark were evaluated against three Gram-positive cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 13419, Streptococcus oralis ATCC 6249 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175), two obligate anaerobic Gram-negative periodontopathic bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, and Fusobacterium spp ATCC 25586), and five Candida spp (C. albicans ATCC 14053, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C. krusei ATCC 6258 and C. glabrata ATCC 2001). Antimicrobial activities of tannins were determined using the disc diffusion test as well as minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration tests. The chemical composition of tannins was analysed by direct infuse mass spectrometry. Tannins inhibited the growth of all tested pathogens at MIC value ranging from 0.16 to 1.25 mg/mL. All tested bacteria showed similar higher level of susceptibility against tannins as the lowest MIC value was detected (0.16 mg/mL) except for S. oralis (0.63 mg/mL). However, both Gram negative anaerobes recorded the lowest MBC value at 0.32 mg/mL as compared to the Gram positive cariogenic bacteria (2.5->5.0 mg/mL). DIMS analysis of precursor ions detected four compounds present in tannins namely punicafolin, (S)-Nerolidol 3-O-[a-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[4-(4-hydroxy-3 methoxycinnamoyl)-(E)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside], ent-Epicatechin-(4alpha->8)-ent-epicatechin-(4alpha->8)-ent-epicatechin 3',3''-digallate and pavetannin C1 respectively.

Molecular identiβication of bacteria are very important to develop databasegene bank in university. Databases of genes are very important to anno-tate a collection of nucleotide sequence and protein translation of oral bac-teria. This research was conducted to identify bacteria that present in theplaque sample among diabetic patients collected from the Department ofPeriodontology and Community Oral health Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia(USIM). A total of bacteria was successfully isolated on Blood Agar from peri-odontal patients’ plaques. Colony Forming Unit (CFU/mL) was calculated toestimate the number of viable bacteria in a sample after performed serialdilution. Gram stained was done for all isolated samples to differentiatebetween Gram positive and negative organisms. About 2.07 x 107CFU/mLof bacteria was successfully collected from periodontal plaques on diabetespatient. From the numbers, only 17 were selected to identify the species.Seven from the samples were Gram-positive bacteria, meanwhile ten sam-ples were identiβied as Gram-negative bacteria. PCR products were isolatedfrom the samples by using polymerase chain reaction analysis.Streptococ-cus mutans,Streptococcus gordonii,Streptococcus oralis,Streptococcus sangui-nis,Streptococcus agalactiae,Streptococcus lutetiensis,Streptococcus downei,,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterobacterclocae,Salmonella enterica subs enterica,Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobactermori,Enterobacter roggen kampii,Enterobacter cloacae,Enterobacter tabaciandKlebsiella pneumoniaewere identiβied from all samples via DNA sequenc-ing.

This study tested a newly-developed clinical pathway (CP) to manage periodontitis patients against patients managed using usual care. This study was a multi-center quasi-experimental involving newly-diagnosed chronic periodontitis patients. Five dental schools at Malaysian public universities participated in the study. A total of 36 patients participated as a test group and received non-surgical periodontal treatment based on the CP and reviewed at 6, 12 and 24 weeks. Treatment outcomes at each review were compared with data of 36 patients who had been treated without CP and matched as historical controls. Outcome variables were clinical parameters namely probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival bleeding index and visible plaque index. Improvements in these parameters for both groups were compared using independent t-test for normally distributed data and Mann–Whitney U test for non-normally distributed data. Both groups showed statistically significant post-treatment improvements for all clinical parameters. The CP group had significantly reduced number of sites for PPD ≥ 7mm and CAL gain compared to control group at 12th week (p=0.040) and 24th week (p=0.041), as well as between baseline to 24 weeks (p=0.039) with Cohen’s effect size 0.87, respectively. The use of a CP could lead to significant clinical improvement for patients with chronic periodontitis. Its use could be recommended in dental settings involving multiple operators to ensure best outcomes based on standardized optimal care and shared guidelines for clinical decision-making.

Purpose: Not all elements with beta-stabilizing properties in titanium alloys are suitable for biomaterial applications, because corrosion and wear processes release the alloying elements to the surrounding tissue. Chromium and molybdenum were selected as the alloying element in this work as to find balance between the strength and modulus of elasticity of beta-titanium alloys. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Titanium-10Molybdenum-10Chromium (Ti-10Mo-10Cr), Titanium-10Chromium (Ti-10Cr) and Titanium-10Molybdenum (Ti-10Mo) on the elemental leachability in tissue culture environment and their effect on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods: Each alloy was immersed in growth medium for 0-21 days, and the elution was analyzed to detect the released metals. The elution was further used as the treatment medium and exposed to seeded HGFs overnight. The HGFs were also cultured directly to the titanium alloy for 1, 3 and 7 days. Cell viability was then determined. Results: Six metal elements were detected in the immersion of titanium alloys. Among these elements, molybdenum released from Ti-10Mo-10Cr had the highest concentration throughout the immersion period. Significant difference in the viability of fibroblast cells treated with growth medium containing metals and with direct exposure technique was not observed. The duration of immersion did not significantly affect cell viability. Nevertheless, cell viability was significantly affected after 1 and 7 days of exposure, when the cells were grown directly onto the alloy surfaces. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, the newly developed beta-titanium alloys are non-cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts. (C) 2020 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

As a silent disease, individuals at risk of periodontitis are not easily identified until the disease has become severe. Early detection at the community level is essential, especially for general dental practitioners. The aim of this study was to design a comprehensive, user-friendly tool to screen patients’ periodontal health at community level and to evaluate users’ acceptance of its use. The periodontal health screening module was first developed by an expert panel of periodontists, public health specialists and general dentists. The developed module was tested for content acceptance on 156 graduating dental students from three public schools and later validated by 12 private general dental practitioners (GDPs) for reliability. Most of the students (64.1%) found the new module an easy assessment tool for periodontal health compared to the Basic Periodontal Examination (BPE). Most claimed that they understand the contents (80.8%) and accepted the designs (86.6%) and agreed (82.7%) that the new assessment module would allow them to screen patients anytime in the clinic. The interrater reliability as assessed between the GDPs and the investigators revealed acceptable agreement ranging from 62.5–100.0% (mean 89.6 ± 10.2%). The simplified digital periodontal health screening module showed promising acceptance for application in private general dental clinics