During the pandemic, the lives of B40 single mothers were severely affected, especially in terms of social, economic, and psychological factors. The reduction of income caused by the crisis has forced single mothers and their children to live frugally and without luxury. They also had to perform more than one job at a time during the pandemic to meet their children’s needs. A qualitative study has been conducted to explore the perceptions of quality of life during the pandemic among B40 single mothers. Respondents were selected based on demographic characteristics established before the study. A focus group discussion has been conducted on ten (10) B40 single mothers in Balik Pulau, Penang. Single mothers were selected based on purposive sampling. They had to meet the inclusive criteria required to participate in the study, specifically: aged between 20 and 60 years old, belonged to the B40 income category, had children under 18 years old living together, and became single mothers due to divorce or death of husbands. The focused group discussion explored issues related to qualities of life during the pandemic. B40 single mothers expressed their concern about access to health facilities, security in residence, children’s education, and economic stability. These areas of life quality have been significantly affected especially during Movement Control Order (MCO). In short, the quality of life of these single mothers has been significantly affected by the pandemic. Their vulnerability towards stress, anxiety, and depression have worsened due to financial issues. Besides the need for emotional and social support, this study found that these single mothers entail financial support.

Spirituality is an important aspect in the process of building an individual's soul and life. All the success and excellence of human life stems from the spiritual aspect. Therefore, each individual needs to emphasize on the spiritual aspect of himself in order to live on the right teachings. The study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric aspects of the spirituality assessment scale. The questionnaire containing 20 of these items was used to assess the spiritual aspects of the individual. The study involved 106 respondents who answered the questionnaire voluntarily. The resulting exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed that the resulting Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was .853, which is greater than the .05 Berlett's Test of Sphericity, indicating a significant value (p=.000) and indicating that the correlation between the items is sufficient to perform a factor analysis. The reliability value for this questionnaire is .826. This states that this questionnaire is suitable for use for actual research purpose.