Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of edible bird nest (EBN)against the detrimental impact of Wi-Fi on male reproductive health. Specifically, itexamines whether EBN can mitigate Wi-Fi-induced changes in male reproductive hor-mones, estrogen receptors (ER), spermatogenesis, and sperm parameters.Methods: Thirty-six adult male rats were divided into six groups (n = 6): Control,Control EBN, Control E2, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi+EBN, and Wi-Fi+E2. Control EBN and Wi-Fi+EBN groups received 250 mg/kg/day EBN, while Control E2 and Wi-Fi+E2 groupsreceived 12 μg/kg/day E2 for 10 days. Wi-Fi exposure and EBN supplementationlasted eight weeks. Assessments included organ weight, hormone levels (FSH, LH,testosterone, and E2), ERα/ERβ mRNA and protein expression, spermatogenic mark-ers (c-KIT and SCF), and sperm quality.Results: Wi-Fi exposure led to decreased FSH, testosterone, ERα mRNA, and spermquality (concentration, motility, and viability). EBN supplementation restored serumFSH and testosterone levels, increased serum LH levels, and the testosterone/E2ratio, and normalized mRNA ERα expression. Additionally, EBN increased sperm con-centration in Wi-Fi-exposed rats without affecting motility or viability.Conclusions: EBN plays a crucial role in regulating male reproductive hormones andspermatogenesis, leading to improved sperm concentration. This could notably ben-efit men experiencing oligospermia due to excessive Wi-Fi exposure

The inability to accurately predict the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) among open-heart surgery patients leads to concerning increases in POCD cases. Preoperative circulating biomarkers are important to identify as they are non-invasive and could provide an early prediction of POCD development, allowing for earlier and more strategized interventions. However, to date, no robust circulating biomarkers have proven effective for preoperative POCD prediction. This systematic review aims to synthesize current evidence on preoperative protein profiling among POCD patients following open-heart surgery. Thus, a thorough literature search employing PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Science Direct was carried out. This combination of keywords was used as part of the search strategy: (“Postoperative cognitive decline” OR “Postoperative cognitive disorders” OR “Postoperative cognitive dysfunction” OR “Postoperative cognitive complications”) AND (“Thoracic Surgery” OR “Cardiac Surgery” OR “Heart Surgery”) AND (“Protein expression” OR proteomic OR “Protein profiling”). Eight hundred and twenty-nine studies were retrieved and only clinical studies reporting the circulating preoperative differentially expressed Proteins (DEPs) in the POCD patients were selected. Six studies were selected following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Only one preoperative DEP and four immediate postoperative DEPs were extracted from the studies. All four proteins were selected for analysis using DAVID, STRING, and Cytoscape software. Due to the very low number of proteins, no clusters have been identified. This systematic review demonstrates the lack of POCD preoperative biomarkers for open-heart-surgery patients. Thus, it is suggested that more studies can be conducted to fill this gap.