Political challenges, unfairness, and dishonesty are the governing issues that need substantial reforms to improve the high regulatory quality standards. The study's objective is to examine the impact of corruption, violence, and the rule of law on Pakistan's regulatory control. The study used four forecasting techniques, i.e., Root Mean Square Error (RSER), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Theil inequality coefficient, on the available data series from 1996–2019. The study first obtained the forecast factors of the stated variables by using the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) technique and then used these variables in the least-squares regression technique to obtain the forecast parameter estimates. The simulation results show that corruption, violence, and the rule of law would likely negatively affect the country's regulatory control. The ex-ante analysis shows that the corruption level increases sharply reaches its highest point, and becomes constant. The rule of law initially decreases and then begins to rise steeply. Regulatory control initially decreases and is likely to increase at a decreasing rate. Finally, political stability is likely to decrease over the time horizon. Innovation accounting matrix estimates show that corruption would likely change the country's regulatory control, followed by the rule of law and violence in the next ten years. The study is the first to explore the dynamics of governance indicators in an inter-temporal setting. The study concludes that the country should devise broad-based governance reform policies to eliminate the high incidence of corruption, violence, and injustice and move forward towards implementing regulatory control for sustained growth.

The importance of clean energy resources in the environmental sustainability agenda (ESA) widely documents the earlier literature that emphasized the need to use renewable energy (RE) sources in mitigating high mass carbon emissions across countries. Saudi Arabia's future vision focused on establishing RE markets, especially solar electricity generation (SEG) that would likely present an alternative source to meet energy challenges and allow the country to switch its oil-based economy to a renewable source economy by 2030. In this initiative, the present study intends to analyze the potential challenges and opportunities of SEG in a country that gives way toward a vibrant and thriving economy through green development. The study collected monthly time series data of solar energy and its potential contributors from 2010M01 to 2018M12. The study performs ex-ante and ex-post analysis using vector error correction estimates (VECM) and innovation accounting matrix to get parameter estimates at current and forecast settings. The study simulated the deployment of SEG under different contributory factors, including carbon taxes, emissions trading, and environmental regulations. The results show that carbon tax has a decisive role in limiting polluting industries and reducing carbon emissions. The emissions trading and SEG support the cleaner production agenda to attain its energy sustainable development goals. The environment-related trade regulations and carbon pricing were quite visible to support the country's SEG program. The simulation results show that SEG can potentially as high as 379.224 GWh till 2030 due to possibly be increasing financial and trade regulations that could limit carbon emissions down to 21.766 kg per oil equivalent energy use per annum.