Male-to-female transgenders are discriminated in Malaysia due to their gender expression, their involvement in the sex trade, and the high prevalence of HIV infection in this community. They are burdened by many health issues including HIV and sexually transmitted diseases, psychiatric problems, substance abuse, and complications resulting from feminizing procedures. Although majority of the transgender community is Muslim, many of them are far from religious guidance due to discrimination and fear towards criminalization. Efforts are needed to tackle the risks and vulnerability in health issues in the mak nyah community. This paper discusses the health issues faced by transgenders in Malaysia, and also describes an integrated method in helping the transgender community. � 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

Nowadays, dry volume measure like sa’ (gantang/) has been obsolete for use for trade and thus misunderstanding about its conversion to modern metric unit has increased. In Malaysia, the sa’ is still being referred for the purpose of zakat payment but converted to weight rather than volume albeit the fact that it is a dry volume measure. The objective of this paper is to give clear perception on the use of suitable metric unit so that the sa’ can be standardized throughout Malaysia. The mean is by determining the volume of sa’ Baghdadi that is being used as reference in state religious council around Malaysia. The calibration of sa’ volume is carried out in National Metrology Institute of Malaysia where the volume were determined using volumetric method. Yet, the result is not acceptable compared to other known literatures/works.