Previous research identified factors that affect the adoption of Islamic home financing in Nigeria without considering ethnicity. Nigeria is a multicultural country and each geographic region maintains is religion and culture. Due to this, ethnicity can often be a significant problem in Nigeria. However Islamic finance is for everyone irrespective of ethnicity, culture or religion. This paper integrates and expands upon earlier studies using the decomposed theory of planned behaviour and structural equation modelling (SEM) multigroup analysis to determine the differences among the three major ethnic groups based on their intention to adopt Islamic home financing. The result from a survey of 518 potential home buyers from the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria indicates differences in their perception of Islamic home financing. The chi-square difference reveals that the differences are significant and the path estimates indicate that Hausas have the strongest intention to adopt Islamic home financing. This study will serve as a reference for academicians who could replicate the theory and method used in this study for further research. It will also help bankers and regulators to promote Islamic banking among all the ethnic groups to emphasise that Islamic finance is not for only one religious group or ethnicity.

The global business environment is really demanding the investors to be prepared with the emerging and dynamic markets. Measuring company's performance is important for management, shareholders, government, customers, suppliers and other stakeholders that have importance or linkage with the wealth distribution directly or indirectly. To evaluate company's performance, we need tools that can be used to measure the performance and one of most popular tools is the financial ratio analysis. This paper will explore the use of alpha Jensen technique to classify the shariah compliance companies in the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia into two categories i.e. performing and non performing. Then the result would be used with the companies 20 financial ratios to identify the model that could discriminate the performing and non performing companies using multiple discriminant analysis. The study found that only shareholders fund / share ratio is significantly contributing to the discriminant function.

There are many tools that can be used to measure/evaluate the performance of a company and one of the most popular tools is using the financial ratios. This paper will explore the use of a combination of two different techniques using the time series data of share and market prices collected from Shariah compliance companies and cross-sectional financial ratios data of Shariah compliance companies. Share prices from 201 Shariah compliance companies listed in the Bursa Malaysia stock exchange were collected from 2000 to 2005 with their respective 2005 financial ratios. The Jensen Alpha technique is employed to classify the Shariah compliance companies in the Main Board Bursa Malaysia into two categories, i.e. performing and non-performing. Next, multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) technique is employed in identifying the ratio(s) that significantly influence the performing and non-performing companies. The MDA result shows that shareholders fund/share or net tangible asset ratio could differentiate significantly the non-performing and performing Shariah compliance companies.

This study attempts to examine the relationship between managerial ownership with the informativeness of earnings in Malaysia. The informativeness of earnings is implied by the earnings' explanatory power for return. By using data from firms listed in the main board trading and services sector of Bursa Malaysia Berhad, the study found that at the level of 25%, managerial ownership has nonlinear relationship with the informativeness of earnings. The study also found that at the level of more than 25% managerial ownership, the firm size, risk and level of debt have inverse relationship with earnings. The finding perhaps offers another useful point to enhance understanding in the corporate governance practices in Malaysia.

In an era where organizations are increasingly recognizing the paramount importance of addressing societal and environmental concerns, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a pivotal facet of contemporary business practices. Within the banking sector, Islamic banks assume a significant role in advocating ethical and socially responsible conduct. This study delves into the impact of the board of directors' characteristics on corporate social responsibility disclosures (CSRD) within Jordanian Islamic banks. Data were meticulously gathered from three Jordanian Islamic banks, all of which are listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE), over the span of the years 2010 to 2022. Our findings illuminate that Jordanian Islamic banks, on average, disclose 47 percent of their CSR endeavors, marking a commendable level of transparency, particularly when contrasted with less developed economies. Notably, independent directors comprise 42% of the board composition, with the average age of board members standing at 41 years. Moreover, 8.10% of board members hold degrees in finance and accounting, while 0.24% possess professional experience within the Big Four accounting firms. On average, Jordanian Islamic banks convene 10.27 board meetings annually, and 48% of directors maintain multiple directorships. Significantly, our analysis underscores that all examined characteristics of board members have a favorable influence on CSR disclosure within Jordanian Islamic banks. This paper constitutes a substantial contribution to the extant literature by providing empirical substantiation of the nexus between the board of directors' characteristics and CSRD in Jordanian Islamic banks, with a specific emphasis on the unique domain of Islamic banking, which has hitherto received limited scholarly attention. Further avenues of research are recommended to explore additional variables and delve deeper into the intricate interplay between board characteristics, external contextual factors, and the disclosure of CSR activities.

Purpose –The purpose of this paper is to determine whether Hofstede’s cultural dimensions have a significant relationship with ethical decision-making among tax practitioners while performing their duties in ensuring tax compliance among taxpayers. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from tax practitioners in the state of Terengganu, Malaysia. Two hundred questionnaires were distributed via Google Forms and email to tax practitioners who were selected from the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia website using a mixture of systematic random and snowball sampling approaches. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software program was used to analyse the collected data. Findings – The results show that power distance (PD), individualism (IND) and uncertainty avoidance (UAV) have a significant relationship with ethical decision-making, whereas masculinity (MAS) has no significant relationship with ethical decision-making among tax practitioners while carrying out their duties. The positive relationship of PD and of IND with decision-making behaviour indicates that ethical decision-making is highly practised in a low PD and low IND culture rather than in a high PD and high IND culture. In contrast, UAV shows a negative beta sign, which indicates that tax practitioners tend to practise ethical decision-making in a high UAV culture. Originality/value – This study fills a gap in the literature in regard to the influence of culture on tax compliance particularly among tax practitioners in Malaysia. The study shows how culture is related to the decision-making practices of tax practitioners while performing their role as an intermediary between their clients and the government. It is worthwhile to examine the decision-making of tax practitioners because the results of such an examination not only provide some insights into the professional practices of accountants that will be of interest to the relevant authorities such as the Malaysian Institute of Accountants, they also offer some information that will be of assistance to higher learning institutions in formulating accounting programmes to produce the future generation of accountants.

Tax compliance is a worthy area to be examined in Malaysia since government relies on tax revenue to fund its operations. Records from the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia indicates that tax compliance is still an issue. Past studies in tax compliance indicate that many factors can influence the tax compliance behaviour of taxpayers. However, studies on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in complying with the tax law are still scarce especially in Malaysia. This paper attempts to provide an overview into intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in complying with the tax law. A review of past relevant studies is presented and it can be concluded that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations can influence tax compliance behaviour. The review suggests that intrinsic motivation in tax context is normally associated with tax morale. Contrarily, extrinsic motivation in tax compliance is generally discussed as providing a positive inducement to increase tax compliance

This technical report contains cases, namely "ETCS : Touch 'n Go"; "The Roaring Tiger: Relocating Zoo Negara"; and "Usahawan Francais : Antara Mimpi dan Realiti". The case "ETCS: Touch 'n Go" presented an issue relating to the implementation of the government policy on the single electronic toll collection system (ETCS). "The Roaring Tiger: Relocating Zoo Negara" looked at the factors surrounding the discussions to relocate Zoo Negara. While "Usahawan Francais: Antara Mimpi dan Realiti" looked at the challenges facing a small business from a franchisee's perspective. The cases have valuable learning points and together with teaching guides, they could be useful for teaching-learning purposes. However, it must be noted that the cases are written as case research exercises and they are not meant to evaluate good or bad management practices. Any use of the cases and reference to them must be accompanied with written permission of the author(s) concerned.

Studies have examined the intention of home buyers to adopt Islamic home financing without considering the effect of religion. The present study, therefore, examines the moderating influence of religion on the adoption of Islamic home financing. The study used the decomposed theory of planned behaviour and SEM multigroup analysis approach. Data collected from 518 prospective home buyers in Nigeria using survey questionnaires indicates a difference between Muslims and non-Muslims. The chi-square result shows that the difference is significant and that religion moderates the relationship between independent variables (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control) and dependent variable (intention). This paper discusses the implications for academicians to replicate the method used in this study and the stakeholders and bankers to promote Islamic finance. It suggests that religious disparity should be avoided in order to promote Islamic finance and create awareness irrespective of religion.

This study investigates public personal traits and demographic factors influencing their acceptance of the implementation of carbon tax policy in Malaysia. Understanding the public’s acceptance behaviour becomes crucial as carbon tax gains attention in developing countries. Through an online survey of 566 respondents, the research employs multiple regression analysis, t-test and one-way analysis of variance to examine the relationships. The results indicate that the carbon tax policy receives positive support from the public, who perceive carbon tax as an effective policy to reduce carbon emissions, those willing to pay more to protect the environment, those who recognise climate change as a serious issue and the Chinese community. These findings fill a gap in the environmental taxation literature for developing countries, offering insights for the Malaysian government to formulate effective strategies for public support. It is imperative for the government to consistently disseminate information to the public and create awareness through mass media regarding the serious issue of climate change and the effectiveness of a carbon tax to mitigate it. Regardless of the political party in power, adopting a carbon tax should be prioritised as a national agenda to maintain the country’s economic, social, and environmental sustainability to demonstrate the government’s unwavering commitment.

The rapid change of time and technology in the business world has now caused it to become increasingly complex. As a part of the business operation, accountants also play a vital role in managing the risks arising from the complexity. Hence, it is important for an accountant to maintain their credibility and always be transparent in handling their job duties. One of the keys is to have good ethics. This paper focuses on how to enhance ethical values among future accountants- the accounting students. Thus, the attention is more on ethics in accounting education. A conceptual framework had been developed to explain this. The aim of this paper is to present a conceptual framework for the relationship between the quality of ethics education in accounting in an effort to produce highly ethical future accountants. The quality of the ethics course will be assessed based on four points which consist of contents, teaching approaches, students’ background, and learning approaches. It is expected that this study can contribute to the body of knowledge and research on the development of ethics education in the accounting discipline.

In Malaysia, the management of waqf has been placed under the supervision/purview of State Islamic Religious Councils (SIRC). They are the sole trustees of waqf as enshrined in the Malaysian Federal Constitution/respective State’s waqf enactments. In order to ensure the betterment of the socio-economic impact to the society by employing the awqaf mechanisms, the development of waqf either the physical or non-physical development must be under the management and purview of SIRCs. Federal agencies such as Department of Awqaf, Zakat and Hajj (JAWHAR) and Malaysian Awqaf Foundation (YWM) have helped in enhancing the potential of waqf in Malaysia. Involvement of other agencies also contributed to the success story of the waqf developments in Malaysia. Thus, this paper will focus on: firstly, the basic concepts of waqf and its legislation in Malaysia and secondly the preliminary study on the socio-economic impact of selected waqf projects. The selected waqf projects are the Terengganu Culinary Academy and USIM’s Specialist Medical Clinic (USMC). The former had been developed as joint ventures between SIRC and YWM and other agencies in the areas of education/training. We will look at the mechanism of its establishment and the socio-economic impact of the development that brings fruitful benefits thereby empowering the mawquf ‘alaih (the intended beneficiaries). The USMC is a joint cooperation between USIM and the SRIC NS which committed RM 2 million (RM 1 million as waqf grant and RM 1 million as Qardhul Hasan towards establishment of the clinic. The State Government provided funds to establish a specialist mobile clinic which facilitates medical specialists from USMC to do medical screenings of patients in rural areas.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important supportive role in the Malaysian economy. In capturing this market segment, Islamic banks offer various banking products to cater SMEs' needs in daily business transactions. This research examines their perception towards the banking products offered which includes a study on their level of acceptance, knowledge, factors considered important in bank selection, current marketing strategy and customer satisfaction in Islamic banking. The research adopted a survey-based approach in collecting the data by distributing a set of selfadministered questionnaires to the potential SMEs. A total of 180 SMEs from Federal Tenitory of Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Negeri Sembilan participated in this research. The results indicate that majority of the SMEs still do not consider the Islamic banks as the most desirable financial institution. The less effective marketing strategy has been identified as one of the reasons contributing to the low acceptance of products offered. It is also found that variances in the SMEs profiles infleunce their perception towards Islamic banking. The research concludes with some recommendations to be adopted in enhancing the effectiveness of Islamic banks marketing strategy.

Majority of previous studies are empirical, and researchers have no agreement regarding the factors that affect the compliance of tax by individual taxpayers. The purpose of this study is to review, consolidate and integrate the findings of previous studies to identify the factors that affect the tax compliance. More than 130 studies were identified, screened and refined. As a result, a total of 32 articles were included in this study. The articles were analyzed, and frequency analysis was conducted to identify the factors, theories, countries, methodological approach, sample size, and chronology of studies. The findings indicate that attitude, subjective norms, fairness, tax knowledge, trust, tax complexity, moral intensity are among the most important factors. The theory of Planned Behaviour and Fairness theory are the most used theories in the literature of tax compliance. Malaysia received the largest share of studies followed by Austria. Studies in developing countries outperformed the studies in developed ones. Majority of the studies are quantitative followed by experimental and mix methods. Decision makers can utilize the findings of this study to improve tax compliance.

Over the years the roles of tax professional are becoming more challenging especially in a complex business environment. The 4th Industrial Revolution, and currently the covid-19 pandemic has caused new business models to be adopted by business operators. This development requires tax professionals to always be prepared since they are intermediaries between the taxpayers and the tax authority. Therefore, it is important to examine recent tax studies involving tax professionals to understand issues which are still considered as important, relevant and lacking in discussion so that the profession could maintain its relevancy in the tax system. This study examines recent tax studies from 2019 until 30 October 2020 published in Scopus and Web of Science indexed journals involving tax professionals. Out of 28 articles retrieved, only 21 fulfilled the criteria to be included in the study. A content analysis approach was adopted to determine the themes of the selected articles. Five themes which are role of tax professionals, knowledge, technology, ethics and risk management were developed from the analysis. Interestingly classical issues such as role of tax professionals, knowledge and ethics are still being discussed and considered as relevant. It is also interesting to note that the discussion of digitalization and 4th Industrial Revolution is still much lacking and perhaps requires a lot more discussions in tax setting considering the impact of 4th Industrial Revolution in many sectors today. The findings provide some indirect insights to what is considered as relevant by tax academics and tax profession.

Home ownership is a necessity for human and one of the critical issues is to obtain affordable financing in purchasing a house. While Islamic home financing has been widely discussed in the form of cost, not much has been highlighted on the tax impact specifically tax incentives for Islamic home financing. Therefore, this paper discusses the tax treatment of Islamic home financing in both Malaysia and Jordan. A comparative analysis on the tax treatment of Islamic home financing between these two countries are worthy to be explored considering both are Muslim majority populated countries. The paper uses descriptive content analysis in examining relevant tax documents and past studies to compare the tax treatment of Islamic home financing in both countries. The discussions concluded that Islamic home financing in both countries is not given the appropriate tax incentives to encourage bank customers to obtain Islamic home financing. Very few studies have attempted to highlight this issue despite the importance of Islamic home financing in the society which suggests an opportunity for researchers to explore this area.