Ontology as a knowledge representation have contributed in providing the platform for sharing the common ideas and understanding among the members of similar domain. Ontology has a tree structure to ease the presentation of information for the users. This paper presents the building of Dates ontology by using the OASys approaches. The Dates ontology is focusing on the Dates' attributes, the developing stages, defect and diseases of dates, health benefits, its compositions, and the Dates chain of operation. Formation of this Dates ontology can be used to answer user queries, integrate data to other applications as well as expand the ontology. � 2016 IEEE.

Mobile applications available in anytime and from anywhere. The utilizing of mobile governmental applications is significant to reduce the efforts and time that are required to accomplish the public services by citizens. The main challenges that face the acceptance and adoption of mobile governmental applications are the privacy and security issues. The users, who do not trust the security of mobile governmental applications, may reject the use of these applications which discourages the government to adopt the mobile services. This study focuses in investigating the security and privacy requirements of mobile government applications. Many related works are reviewed and discussed to understand the important security requirements of mobile government applications. The main results indicate that effective privacy and security of mobile government applications should be assured so as to enhance the level of adopting and using these applications. The security requirements involve many considerations such as the hardware characteristics, software characteristics, and communication characteristics. This article mainly gives better understanding of security requirements of mobile government applications. � 2018 Authors.

This paper investigated the retrieval performance of Quranic texts translation of Pimpinan Ar-Rahman in Jawi Malay (the old version of Malay Language) and Rumi Malay (the new Roman version of Malay Language) with different version of Malay Language and letter scripting considerations. The purpose of this study is to test retrieval performance of Quranic text from various scripts of the same source. Methodology implemented was by using queries formulated from Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) written by Muslim scholars in authenticated printed sources produced in Malaysia. 13 FAQs were selected from Utusan Melayu newspaper for Jawi Malay queries and 13 FAQs from Berita Harian newspaper for Rumi Malay queries. Keyword(s) were derived by researcher from FAQs as queries to represent each FAQs. Matching process was conducted by posting queries into Indri Retrieval. Result from matching process produced results of list of Ayat and these Ayat undergo relevance judgement process that involved three human judges to determine the relevancy of FAQ topic and Ayat, while verifying the accuracy of retrieval. Data analysis that consisted of three measures; precision, recall and overlap discovered competency of Indri for handling multi-script Quranic texts retrieval. � 2014 IEEE.