Browsing by Author "Wan Mohd Fazrul Azdi Wan Razali [Supervisor]"
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Publication An Analysis of Ibn Khaldun’s Study of Shiism In The Muqaddimah(2024-01) ;Rushda Amirah binti IshakWan Mohd Fazrul Azdi Wan Razali [Supervisor]The scope of discussion in theology (ᶜilm al-kalām) includes the belief and faith of a Muslim in Allah SWT, in the unseen matters such as supernatural matters including the Day of Judgment, heaven, and hell as well as the discussion of sects in Islam or referred to as firaq. Many Muslim scholars discuss the philosophy or principles of the teachings of these sects, especially on faith matters, including Ibn Khaldun. Ibn Khaldun is an Islamic historian and sociologist who has gained recognition in the Muslim and Western worlds. He was famous through his magnum opus entitled the Muqaddimah, which introduces his historical book, Kitāb al-ᶜIbar, which presents the history of Arabs, ᶜAjam (non-Arabs), and Berber. However, the Muqaddimah Ibn Khaldūn is usually known for the theory of the fall and rise of civilization, economy, and education. It turns out that the Muqaddimah also discusses the division of knowledge and study of religions, including the study of firaq al-Islāmiyyah such as al-Ashāᶜirah, al-Khawārij, al-Shīᶜah, al-Mujassimah, and al-Muᶜtazilah. Ibn Khaldun also dedicates one subchapter entitled Shīᶜah tenets concerning the question of the imamate, which is the twenty-seventh subchapter under the third chapter in the Muqaddimah, namely on dynasties, royal authority, the caliphate, government ranks, and all that goes with these things to expounds the concept of imamate according to Shiism. Therefore, this study presents the opinion of Ibn Khaldun on Shiism as stated in the Muqaddimah. Through the method of qualitative study, specifically semantic content analysis on the Muqaddimah Ibn Khaldun on Shiism, there are four main themes regarding the discussion of Shiism in the Muqaddimah that can be discussed in this study. The four main themes are as follows: firstly, the definition of shīᶜah; secondly, sources and types of texts in Shiism; thirdly, sectarianism in Shiism; and fourthly, imamate/leadership. This study describes and analyzes these four themes with the views of the scholars of firaq from Sunnism or Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāᶜah and compared with the views of Shiite scholars. There are some criticisms that Ibn Khaldun has given to the Shiite views on the issue of leadership that should be considered exemplary to modern researchers on the study of sects in Islam. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication An Analysis of Robert Spencer’s Views of Jihad in his Book Chapter The Muhammad’s Legacy(Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 2024-04)Nor Zuhairah Binti ZulkifleeThis study focuses on the theme of jihad in Robert Spencer's opus namely The Truth about Muhammad: Founder of the World’s Most Intolerant Religion. In this book, he focuses on the Islamic history particularly in a series of military jihad and related events that happened in the early spread of Islam. The jihad concept in Islam has been abused by the radical jihadist movements that giving false impressions of Islam toward non- Muslims. Even more, the current worldwide radical movement bases the legitimacy of their violent actions on both the Qur’anic passages and the Prophet Muhammad PBUH’s Hadith. A lot of individuals believe that Islam promotes bloodshed by calling for jihad. Spencer believes that the global terrorism is associated with the deeds and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH as he narrated in this book. Through the qualitative content analysis, this study was done to meet the research objectives as follows. Firstly, to introduce Robert Spencer’s biography. Secondly, to delineate Spencer’s perspectives on jihad war based on the chapter ‘Muhammad’s Legacy’. Thirdly, to analyse the concept of jihad by Spencer according to the Islamic understanding of jihad. Based on the Spencer’s view of jihad, this study finds that he has characterized the Prophet Muhammad PBUH as a person who teaches violent through his military command. And he believes the victory of the Messenger of Allah and his Companions in the battle field as a fuel factor for the radical jihadists. The findings of this study demonstrate that jihad is an endeavour and a means of achieving goals in accordance with His teachings because of Allah SWT, which include the armed jihad. The combative jihad in Islam must adhere to the rules established by Allah SWT, which forbid persecuting or treating people cruelly based on their religion. In light of this, Spencer's interpretation of jihad as committed by jihadists is obviously at contradictions with the jihad concept as the Prophet PBUH practiced. Based on this opus, the ideas of the other contemporary orientalists need to be scrutinizingly read and understand in order to avoid misinterpret the Islamic teaching. This study perhaps could contribute as one of the analyses in response to one of the Spencer’s ideas in his books that connect the teaching of the Messenger of Allah PBUH with the radical jihadist movements.