This study analyses the challenges for the commercialization of university research for agricultural based invention. It aims at promoting the commercialization of agricultural based research to compete with the existing inventions. From the discussion, it shows that the commercialization of agricultural based invention of university research usually takes a longer time to be marketable, when compared to inventions by agencies such as MARDI and FAMA. The article implies that agricultural based invention of university research should be considered as a significant tool for economic growth. It suggests that a case study and a quantitative analysis will be useful to further formulate propositions and to learn the agricultural based invention of university research. � IDOSI Publications, 2011.

Purpose of Study: Domestic violence happens when a woman or man regularly hurts his or her spouse physically or verbally such as beats or mentally tortures the other. Meeting face-to-face in the mediation process with the batterer to resolve family disputes may raise the issue of power imbalance, especially when the victim hide the history of violence. This article reviews the challenges of Muslim family disputes in Malaysia resolving the disputes with the history of violence and analyses what online mediation may offer to overcome the said problem. Methodology: Being a pure legal research, this paper is doctrinal in its approach. Result: The finding of this research is mediation is not an appropriate mechanism to resolve Muslim family disputes with the history of violence because it will cause more injustice to the victim. Thus, this paper concludes by suggesting online mediation as another alternative to resolve the family disputes.