Lack of an established measuring instrument for public participation towards renewable energy (RE) development has become a crucial concern for the researchers. Therefore, this research aims to develop and validate the instruments that measure public participation towards renewable energy development (PPRED) in Malaysia. This study incorporates degree of knowledge on RE (KRE), environmental concern (EC), public awareness on RE (ARE), attitude towards RE usage (AURE), and willingness to adopt RE technology (WTA) in the PPRED model, with an aim to predict public willingness to pay (WTP) for energy generated from RE sources. Using data of 172 usable responses, this study conducts an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to analyse the factor structures. In addition to this, using data from 154 usable responses from a second sample frame, this study also conducts confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the unidimensionality of the measurement model. Correlations are used to measure discriminant and convergent validation of the items whereas Cronbach’s Alpha is used to measure internal consistency among different items. Specifically, EFA is used for variable extraction and CFA is used to test dimensionality, validity, and reliability of the PPRED model. The results proved validation of the PPRED model, indicating that all instruments included are reliable and valid to be used in the research. This study is also pertinent to initiate targeted campaigns and public education policies to improve awareness among Malaysians relating to renewable energy development. © 2020. The Authors. Published by CBIORE.

The Holy Quran being the most comprehensive book of reference has discussed on every minute details of human anatomy. One of them is human senses and can be categorized by external parts and internal parts. For example external parts such as ears are used to sense audio, eyes are used to sense visual, and nose is used to sense smell. While for internal parts, emotion is used to sense feelings such as happiness and sadness. Although all of the senses that comes from the external and internal parts are important in human�s well-being, the Holy Quran has placed different emphasizes on all of these senses. This is because some of the senses are quoted more often than others. Using data extraction technology, this study finds that ears and eyes are quoted most often although ears seem to be more superior. Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to investigate the reason why ears are quoted more often than eyes in the Holy Quran. In addressing this question, this paper applies two methods. Firstly, all verses related to sound and sight senses are gathered. Then the superiority between them are measured based on the book of exegesis (tafsir) and scientific reports. 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.