Globally, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are used by more than 100 countries for various types of organizations. The purpose of this paper is to examine the opinion of practitioners in Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) on Shariah issues when adopting IFRS and International Accounting Standards (IAS) to report Islamic financial transactions. Primary data collection involved a group interview with representatives, such as Shariah officers, accountants and academic experts to obtain insights on how the industry practitioners deal with general and specific IFRS issues in applying IFRS and IAS. The result from the group interview revealed that practitioners are highly concern on various Shariah issues, such as the applicability of time value of money, the terminologies used in IFRS and IAS that reflect conventional concepts of banking and takaful. This study provides both the conceptual and practical issues faced by practitioners in applying IFRS for reporting Islamic financial transactions. It suggests the need for collaboration between academicians, standard setter and regulator in providing technical guidance applicable for reporting Islamic financial transactions.

Outdoor machine vision is getting a concern nowadays. Ranging from surveillance and monitoring system to automotive system such as driver assistance system require vision application or artificial eye to keep monitoring the situations. However, most of these applications works very well during clear weather and degrade during bad weather due to the atmospheric particles mitigate the quality of vision system. This paper discuss the state of the art of image enhancement techniques used to adjust the contrast of an outdoor image degrade by fog, haze, and rain. A brief overview of bad weather will be discussed and several recent techniques on removing fog, haze and rain are discussed. � 2013 IEEE.

Shariah audit is important as the third line of defence in ensuring the operations ofIslamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) are in line with Shariah principles. The operationsrefer not only to day to day operations, process and procedures and management recordsbut also the financial statements of the IFIs. Shariah audit gives an indication to themarket that the IFIs are complying with the Shariah guidelines. This is especiallyimportant as the market is keener on knowing and seeing that IFIs perform its bidding.The resurgence of Islamic finance over the past 30 years plus the sub-prime crisis hascaused greater emphasis for the IFIs to be ever more Shariah-compliant. The purpose ofthis chapter is to provide an overview on the importance of Shariah audit as one of thelines of defence in terms of internal control for IFIs. Secondly, the chapter also providessuggested auditable areas for the audit scope of Shariah audit in the financial statementsof IFIs. Accordingly, the chapter provides guidance for future empirical and policyimpact research on audit scope for Shariah audit in financial statements of IFIs. � 2014 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.