This research is concerned with the design and evaluation of an Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN) for the simulation of chemical processes. It provides quality provenance information for scientists wishing to compare simulation runs with in vitro experimental data. The research is grounded in the EUROCHAMP-2 community. The community uses a benchmark Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) in order to undertake their model simulations. The goal is to ensure that, for each atmospheric chamber experiment, a computational model is evaluated/developed using the MCM. This paper builds on earlier research on an ELN for this community. The main contributions are: (1) a re-engineered ELN co-developed by EUROCHAMP-2 chemists and computer scientists where the focus is to enable community scientists to capture and extract useful provenance information, (2) a novel Inline Provenance Node Navigator (IPNav) is provided which enables a modeller to navigate through the trail of the runs as a simulation is created, and (3) the results of an initial user evaluation of the ELN undertaken with two practising modellers. � 2011 IEEE.

Thresholding is a way of segmenting an image into foreground and background according to a fixed constant value called a threshold. Image segmentation based on a constant threshold leads to unsatisfactory results with dental X-ray images due to the uneven distribution of pixel intensity. In this paper, an adaptive thresholding method is proposed to attain promising segmentation results for dental X-ray images. The Mean, Median, Midgrey, Niblack, and OTSU thresholding methods are utilized to delineate the acceptable range of threshold values to be applied for segmenting X-ray images. Experimental results showed that the Median method provides consistency in achieving the best range of threshold values which is between 57 and 86 in greyscale.

The scatter form of multimedia data such as text, image, audio, and video posted regularly in the social media may contain useful information for the organizations. But, this information should be derived with the use of some form of analysis known as Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA). But, there is a lack of proper analytic tools for such analysis. This paper presents a thorough overview of more than fifty most recent MSA research articles to find the gaps in terms of tasks, approaches theories and applications used till date. There seems to be no single approach, theory, and tool which can support MSA. The study showed that each and every mode presents different difficulties which have not bee n fully solved yet, such as feature points of a face, voice clarity in audio, video summarization and so on, and are great research opportunities for the future researchers. Also, this research recommends a list of existing and upcoming difficulties and opportunities of MSA research. � 2017 IEEE.

Data is particularly valuable to scientists when details of its provenance are known. This research concerned deploying a user-orientated electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) system within a scientific community. The ELN system supported the capture and retrieval of semantic metadata describing the provenance of the modelling activities of scientists within that community. The research was grounded within the atmospheric chemistry community but has applicability to other communities using an iterative model development process. The ELN system involved the automatic capture of metadata concerning the modelling process together with inline annotations added by the modeller explaining the reasoning for modelling decisions at each step of the process. A full realisation of the ELN system was built and evaluated by members of the atmospheric chemistry community. In order to promote reusability the ELN system architecture had domain-independent as well as domain-dependent elements. An ontology (in OWL) was used to ensure that the specific terminology of the community was used within the provenance metadata and also that it was used consistently. Other domain-independent elements of the architecture included a dynamic graphic interface that allowed the modeller to view his/her modelling history. This was recorded as a set of nodes each pointing to the stored provenance metadata associated with a specific simulation run. In addition, there was an innovative mechanism that enabled the modeller to navigate through the various nodes. The navigation process supported making comparisons between different nodes: a facility that users found particularly valuable. Members of the atmospheric chemistry community took part in a two-day summative evaluation of the ELN system. This confirmed its value to the modellers and it is now being introduced more widely across the modelling community. In addition, the research proposes a methodology for transferring this ELN system to other modelling communities making use of the domain-independent elements of the architecture. � 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Icons are widely used in mobile applications as visual displays that can assist the acquisition and understanding of information. An icon creates better visual perception with the ability to communicate meaning. Icon design is an approach of designing a graphic icon that can express a specific meaning. Icon design principles and elements are considered as major factors for mobile user interface that would lead to higher icon usability and acceptance of mobile applications. The study is undertaken to conduct a systematic review of published scientific literature on icon design elements for mobile applications. The chosen articles were published between 2014 and 2019, with full text provided and written in the English language. The electronic databases used were Google Scholar, Scopus, ProQuest, and Research Gate. Other sources include secondary data through books and web pages. The search terms used were "mobile icon design", "mobile icon design principle", "mobile icon design element"and "apps icon design". The outcomes of this paper are a comparative study and proposed elements for icon design that will contribute to the field of icon design for mobile application. The proposed elements for icon design consist of recognizable, colour, simple, semantics, familiarity, shape, aesthetic, consistency, uniqueness and concreteness. These proposed elements for icon design can assist designers and researchers in designing icons for mobile application that would improve user experience by enhancing the meaning of icons to users. � Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

This research focuses on the design and evaluation of Qiraat mobile learning. It is an extension of our previous paper. It discusses about the improved design of MyQiraat. The main purpose of this research is to enable and promote ubiquitous learning of Qiraat through mobile devices. The improved design has been evaluated using a low-fidelity prototype in a two group evaluation. Results show that most participants realized the potential benefits of the application allowing a better understanding and encouragement of Qiraat learning among participants. � 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

This research is concerned with deploying design pattern and formative evaluation for Qiraat mobile application using both Rapid Application Development (RAD) and User Experience (UX) methodologies. The ultimate aim of this research is to encourage ubiquitous teaching and learning of Qiraat through mobile devices. In this paper, continuous progress of MyQiraat design will be presented. The improvement of MyQiraat version design has been evaluated using high-fidelity and low-fidelity prototypes for MyQiraat version 1 and version 2 respectively. Results show that most participants realized the potential benefits of the application allowing a better understanding and encouragement of Qiraat learning among them. However, participants' feedback should be considered in the development of the prototype.

The medium of user expressions on the Web, especially in social media such as Facebook and Twitter, have evolved from text to multimedia such as images, audio, and video. This multimodal form of expression has become an important information resource for different organizations and institutions in their decision-making and setting strategies. But, the scatter in multimodal sentiments of the users poses a demand for more analysis to derive useful data. This analysis is known as Multimodal Sentiment Analysis (MSA). This paper presents a comprehensive overview for future researchers on recent research of different modes; individually and together to find the gaps in terms of tasks, approaches theories and applications used. The study showed that each and every mode presents different problematic issues which have not been fully solved yet, such as feature points of a face, voice clarity in audio and so on, and are great research areas for future work. There seems to be no single approach, theory, and tool which can support MSA. Moreover, this paper categorizes and summarizes recent work on the basis of tasks, approaches, and theories. � 2017 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.

Qiraat mobile has been gaining a lot of attention from users who wish to recite Quran. In this paper, we will discuss the earlier versions of MyQiraat derived from two previous projects of Qiraat mobile design called MyQiraat version 1 and MyQiraat version 2. The aim of this research is to enable and promote the learning of Qiraat anytime and anywhere using mobile devices. The initial evaluation result shows supportive response from the users who wish to learn Qiraat via mobile devices provided the users' feedback is considered in the enhancement version. � 2016 IEEE.

The x-ray image is a grey scale image and the distribution of the intensity of the pixel is uneven. The x-ray image widely use in dental age assessment especially Demirjian method. The purpose of the dental age assessment is to estimate the age of unidentified bodies. The current process is done manually by the examiner. The process potentially converted to an automated system. The development an automated dental age assessment required segmentation process, which is dividing the image into multiple meaningful parts based on region and edge. The edge segmentation form a contour based on the links detected. The authors present two types of edge segmentation methods (i.e. Sobel and Canny). The objective of the study is to make a comparison between the two methods. Result showed Sobel method was able to segment all the teeth area and remove the noise on the x-ray image while Canny algorithm was not able to segment all the teeth area especially incisors. The region of segmentation is important because one of the requirements in Demirjian method is to assess all the teeth types in quadrant 2 and quadrant 3. Based on the result, the experiment showed the Sobel algorithm able to segment most of the teeth area in quadrant 2 and quadrant 3. � 2014 IEEE.

The Holy Quran ontology models are gaining popularity among researchers due to people's demands in understanding this divine book. Due to this, there are many studies and research have been conducted in this area to facilitate people's understanding of the Quran. The Quran knowledge is represented conforming to an ontology within a system framework. This also includes various concepts that are interrelated with the others. From the literature, however, the existing Quranic ontology models do not cover all concepts in the Quran, which limit them to domains such as place nouns, themes, pronouns, antonyms and Islamic knowledge in the Quran. Thus, this research aims to identify relevant research works from various electronic data sources using systematic literature review (SLR) method to provide a comprehensive review of this area. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature related to the existing ontology models, where it leads to disseminating the correct knowledge of the Quran using semantic technologies.