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Publication Cost Effectiveness Of Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines In The Elderly Population Of Malaysia(Springer Nature, 2023) ;Syed MohamedAljunid ;Nur Syazana MadTahir ;Aniza Ismail ;Aznida FirzahAbdulAziz ;Amirah Azzeri ;S.A. ZafrahAzimatun NoorAizuddinThe economic burden of influenza is a significant issue within healthcare system, related to higher medical costs particularly among the elderly. Yet, influenza vaccination rates in the elderly in Malaysia were considerably low as it is not part of Malaysia’s national immunization program, with substantial mortality and morbidity consequences. Therefore, we conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) for the elderly in Malaysia compared with the current no-vaccination policy. A static cost-utility model, with a lifetime horizon based on age, was used for the analysis to assess the cost-effectiveness and health outcomes associated with QIV. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the effects of variations in the parameters. The use of QIV in Malaysia’s elderly population would prevent 66,326 potential influenza cases and 888 potential deaths among the elderly, leading to 10,048 potential quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. The QIV would also save over USD 4.4 million currently spent on influenza-related hospitalizations and reduce productivity losses by approximately USD 21.6 million. The ICER per QALY gained from a third-party payer’s perspective would be USD 2216, which is lower than the country’s gross domestic product per capita. A QIV-based vaccination program in the elderly was found to be highly cost-effective, therefore would reduce the financial burden of managing influenza and reduce pre-mature death related to this disease. - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Publication الوحدة التدريسية للغة العربيّة لأغراض خاصة (السياحة) بين نطرية وأسس تصميمها(USIM PRESS, 2022-10-10) ;Yuslina Mohamed ;Nurhasma Muhamad Saad ;Sulaiman Ismail ;Wan Azura Wan Ahmad ;Mesba-hul HoqueAsma Abdul RahmanThis paper discusses the requirements for designing Arabic language modulefor specificpurposes (Tourism). The emergence of the Arabic for specific language has manifested in the late period of this century, and it contains manyissues that can be remedied through continuous study in this field, and the problems such as: the lack of experts in ASP and the lack of materialsand references has beenconsidered a major problem in this field, and no clear curriculum of ASP as wellcontributedon it. This study benefited from the problems and weaknesesin this field to develop and designthe curriculum ofASP(Tourism).This research takes a scientific approach to developthe fundamentalson which it de-pends in the module design requirements byinductive and exploratory study in the design of English for specificpurposes; because this language has preceded the Arabic in this field for more than40 years. Accordingly, the research attempted to design Arabic for specificpurposesmodule, dealt withthe ab-soluteand variblecharacteristics. The students' needs are importance in designing these module, taking into account originality in the specificlanguage field. This research is a pioneer in the development of special Arabiccurricula.