In this research study, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (2HEC) - an etherified cellulose derivative, was combined with salicylic acid (SA) in developing a single layer wound dressing material. Nine (9) different variable parameters with different composition of SA, from 5 wt.% to 40 wt.% (with interval of 5 wt.%) and one control sample without the addition of SA was prepared via solution casting method. The 2HEC-SA thin films were studied in terms of the effects of SA concentration to antimicrobial properties via well-diffusion method. Additionally, degradability, mechanical properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) of 2HEC-SA thin films were also been tested. The strongest antimicrobial effect of 2HEC-SA film was obtained at 40 wt.% with 16 mm diameter of inhibition zone. There was noticeable decreasing pattern of weight loss percentage when wt.% the of salicylic acid increased proven by degradation test. The tensile strength of 2HEC-SA film decreases as increasing the wt.% of salicylic acid. 2HEC-SA single layer wound dressing change phases from amorphous to crystalline starting at 25 wt.% of salicylic acid as proven through X-ray Diffraction (XRD) while FTIR shows that complexation of 2HEC and salicylic acid occurred at 1050 cm-1.

Digital advancements in sports mouthguard fabrication, particularly through three-dimensional (3D) printing, have shown promise but face challenges in maintaining structural integrity. The current use of resin, originally designed for splints and retainers, is a key factor in this issue. This study aims to enhance the strength and durability of 3D-printed mouthguards by incorporating highperformance polymers Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and Polyetherimide (PEI) into the commercially available resin. The new material will be evaluated against conventional and other 3D-printed mouthguards in the global market. By blending these two polymers in various ratios, the study will create new materials to be 3D printed using the NextDent® 5100 3D Printer. Mechanical testing will focus on structural integrity, fracture toughness, flexural strength, microhardness, and impact strength. Additionally, physical evaluations using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) will be conducted to characterize and identify materials. The goal is to develop a 3D-printed resin that is strong, durable, biocompatible, and comfortable for athletes, thereby addressing the structural integrity issues of current 3D-printed materials. This research represents a significant step forward in material science for dental and orofacial injury prevention and will involve collaboration with dental laboratories, distributors, and universities. In line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, this study promotes global health and well-being by providing a better solution for sports mouthguards.

Pembangunan aplikasi telefon pintar khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pelancongan Islam masih belum banyak yang dihasilkan. Walaubagaimanpun terdapat beberapa aplikasi telefon pintar yang bertaraf 5 bintang berdasarkan testimoni pengguna telefon pintar yang telah dimuat turun innovator mendapati bahawa aplikasi tersebut memfokuskan kepada bandaraya-bandaraya dunia di negara-negara barat seperti England dan negara-negara Eropah sahaja dan tidak memfokuskan kepada negara Malaysia sebagai contoh Aplikasi 'Irhal’. Dalam konteks Malaysia, terdapat aplikasi yang memenuhi sebahagian kecil sahaja cabang pelancongan Islam iaitu pelancongan masjid iaitu aplikasi ‘e-Mosque’. Walaubagaimanapun, aplikasi ini hanya memaparkan maklumat masjid-masjid di Kuala Lumpur sahaja. Objektif produk ini adalah menjalankan analisis keperluan melalui perbandingan aplikasi-aplikasi telefon pintar pelancongan Islam sedia ada dari sudut fungsi, antaramuka dan kandungan bagi tujuan pembangunan aplikasi telefon pintar Tourism (i-Tourism) versi Malaysia melalui platform Android dan iOS. Berdasarkan patent search, aplikasi telefon pintar i-Tourism menunjukkan keasliannya yang tersendiri. Ungkapan harian asas dalam bahasa Melayu berserta terjemahannya di dalam bahasa Arab dan bahasa Inggeris boleh diakses oleh penutur bukan jati bagi memudahkan komunikasi asas. Dari segi praktikaliti, aplikasi telefon pintar ini boleh dimuat turun daripada App Store dan Google Play secara percuma selain ianya fleksibel dan sesuai untuk tujuan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PdP) mahupun pelancongan Islam. Dalam memenuhi potensi pasaran, aplikasi telefon pintar ini mendapat sokongan industri iaitu Kembara Sufi Travel & Tours Sdn. Bhd selain hak cipta aplikasi telefon pintar i-Tourism terpelihara dengan memperolehi harta intelek dengan MyIPO.

This research aimed to review the fatwa imposed by Malaysian National Fatwa Council (MNFC) upon porcine base Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) anticoagulant specifically Enoxaparin Sodium for thromboprophylaxis (prevention) and therapeutic treatment. This research employs qualitative methodology through documents analysis and interviews with which 17 expertise in various field. Nine medical specialists from three departments; six of them were from the obstetrics and gynecology (O&G) department, followed by a hematologist a cardiovascular physician and a family medicine specialist. Two senior’s pharmaceutical expert and six shariah scholars which were the experts from various Public Universities around Malaysia interviewees panel in this research. The outcome from the expert consensus revealed that Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is ensured as a fatal and life-threatening illness particularly during pregnancy and puerperium and applicable to use Clexane as prevention and therapy. Albeit it has porcine intestinal mucosa origin which has been depolymerized in preparation, the usage of enoxaparin sodium like Clexane as LMWH anticoagulant in pregnancy and puerperium is needed based on pivotal factors such as accessibility, feasibility, effective and safety profile. The efficacy and effectiveness of enoxaparin sodium like Clexane as LMWH anticoagulant as prevention (prophylaxis) before developing any VTE complications in high risk cases and treatment are concurred by the expert clinicians and therefore based on the justification of Islamic legal maxims namely al-darar yuzal and al-hajah tunazzal manzilah al-darurah.

Risalah Nur is one of the most well known and eminent Islamic exegesis on Quran written by a prominent Turkish Islamic scholar; Bediuzzaman Said Nursi. It consisted tones of important topics discussed on religious matters that are known to be widely benefitted the Muslim ummah. Matters discussed in it range within extensive of imperative ideas. The essential matters in Risalah Nur encompass the social development elements that contributed to the sustenance of societal wellbeing. The availability of knowledge taxonomy for specific elements existed in Risalah Nur is crucial since the collection has broad series of vital topics. In content management, knowledge taxonomy is very significant. It guarantees that search and navigation work appropriately and the specific content is accessible and can be found through two approaches namely searching and browsing. Knowledge taxonomy allows the information within specific sources to be organized properly. This research aimed to define social development elements exist in Risalah Nur, to categorize social development elements exist in Risalah Nur and ultimately to design the knowledge taxonomy for social development elements derived from Risalah Nur. The methodology in this research will be using the qualitative analytical method. There will be four main phases of research that will be conducted to ensure the creation of knowledge taxonomy will be fulfilled. The expected results of this research are to come out with an organized and classified hierarchical knowledge taxonomy for the social development elements for special needs community exist in Risalah Nur. In consequence to that, the creation of knowledge taxonomy would ease the access to the imperative social development elements existed in Risalah Nur. Finally, the comprehensive taxonomy of social developments elements from Risalah Nur can be useful in developing research-based individual, group, or institutional programming to improve social wellbeing of special needs community.

Hasil temu bual bersama 15 orang ibu bapa yang mempunyai anak kurang upaya menunjukkan bahawa mereka menghadapi pelbagai cabaran emosi dalam mengasuh dan membesarkan anak kurang upaya mereka. Daripada enam emosi asas manusia dalam teori Ekman (1972) iaitu, gembira (happy), sedih (sad), takut (fear), marah (anger), terkejut (surprise), dan jijik (disgust) tiga daripadanya menjadi cabaran emosi yang dihadapi oleh ibu bapa ini iaitu emosi sedih, marah dan takut. Manakala berdasarkan pembahagian emosi yang diklasifikasikan oleh Parrott (2001) emosi tertekan (depressed), terasing (isolation), dan malu (shame) turut menjadi cabaran emosi yang dihadapi.

A rise of 2 oC in the Earth’s temperature is likely to occur when the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere reaches approximately 450 ppm. CO2 emissions are closely related to the continual use of fossil fuels. In order to make fossil fuels sustainable, carbon capture & storage (CCS) is required to reduce CO2 emissions. There are three leading CO2 capture methods, namely post-combustion capture, oxy-fuel combustion and Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) pre-combustion capture. CO2 hydrate (CO2:6H2O) formation has been investigated as a way to capture CO2 in the IGCC conditions. The formation of hydrate in this work was experimentally investigated in an isochoric system (batch mode) inside a vertical fixed bed reactor (FBR), also known as high pressure volumetric analyser (HPVA). Silica gel with an average particle size of 0.2-0.5 mm, mean pore size of 5-6 nm, a pore volume of 0.64 cm3/g and a surface area of 458 m2/g was used as a porous medium. The presence of hydrate in FBR was justified by using graphic methods. The solubility of CO2 in water using Henry’s Law and the experimental pressure–time (P-t) curve were analysed to determine the formation of hydrate. Hydrate formation was confirmed when the mole fraction of water exceeded the Henry’s Law value as well as a two-stage pressure drop in the experimental P-t curve. Initially, various sample preparation methods (methods 1, 2, 3 and 4) were studied leading to the selection of method 4 (the use of vigorous stirring) which had the highest moisture content (14.8 wt%) and the greatest water conversion to hydrate (40.5 mol%) at 275 K and 36 bar in a pure CO2 gas system. Also, high regeneration and repeatability of the results for all samples prepared by method 4 were expected as less water was occluded inside silica gel pores. Further investigations in pure CO2 gas systems highlighted the importance of the type of promoters used, the concentration of promoters, experimental driving force, silica pore size, bed height and the amount of moisture content for formation of hydrate. T1-5 (0.01 mol% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) + 5.6 mol% tetrahydrofuran (THF)) and T3-2 (0.01 mol% SDS + 0.1 mol% tetra-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB)) were the two best combined-promoters obtaining a CO2 uptake of 5.95 and 5.57 mmol of CO2 per g of H2O respectively. Ethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether (EGME; 0.1 mol%) was a good alternative to THF when combined with SDS (0.01 mol%) with a CO2 uptake of 5.45 mmol of CO2 per g of H2O for this T1A-2 combined-promoter. In addition, the CO2 uptake increased as ∆P increased or ∆T decreased. Moreover, mesoporous silica (silica gel) performed better than microporous silica (zeolite 13X) where the formation of hydrate by zeolite 13X was observed with minimal CO2 uptake (0.58 mmol of CO2 per g of H2O) when the bed height was reduced. Additionally, the total amount of CO2 consumed through hydrate formation increased as the amount of water inside mesoporous silica increased which was not the case for microporous silica. Furthermore, the experiments performed in the IGCC conditions (283 K and 70 bar) by employing T1-5 and T3-2 in a fuel gas mixture demonstrated hydrate formation with a CO2 uptake of 1.5 and 1.1 mmol of CO2 per g of H2O respectively. However, recently Zheng et al. (2016) doubled the CO2 uptake attained in this work with similar operating conditions by employing macroporous silica inside horizontal batch FBR. Thus, two types of reactor configurations (semi-batch and dual-batch horizontal FBRs) are proposed for future work to further enhance CO2 hydrate formation by employing macroporous silica contacts with the new promising combined-promoters (T3-2 and T1A-2) discovered in this work.

In this work, solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) system comprises of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as polymer host, ammonium acetate (NH4CH3COO) as doping salt and ethylene glycol (EG) as plasticizer was prepared via solution casting technique was the best option to be introduced. Upon addition of plasticizer into CMC-NH4CH3COO SBEs system, at 35 wt.% of EG; the conductivity obtained at the room temperature is 1.54 x 10-5 Scm-1 . The conductivity of plasticized CMC-NH4CH3COO SBEs system by various temperatures obeyed Arrhenius law where the ionic conductivity increased as the temperature increased. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis has proved the functional group of the plasticized CMC-NH4CH3COO SBEs system and the interaction between them. For the conductivity behavior of CMC-NH4CH3COO-EG SBEs films, it was detected by Transference Number Measurement (TNM) in the range of 1.0 V ~ 1.5 V connected to the computer. The higher value of ti than the value of te of the all samples proved that the SBEs system is a proton conductor. In conclusion, the output of this work can be contributing to the development of proton energy storage especially the electrolytes due to these three parameters characterization.

Solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBEs) systems of carboxylmethyl cellulose doped ammonium acetate (CMC-NH4CH3CO2) and plasticized with dimethyl carbonate (CMC-NH4CH3CO2-DMC) have been successfully prepared by solution casting technique. Both SBE systems were translucent, colorless and flexible with no phase separation. In this research, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were used to identify the complexation between host polymer, salt and plasticizer. Varian 3100 FT-IR spectrometer Excalibur series analysis reveals the complexation occurred between CMC and NH4CH3CO2 at 1412 cm-1 and 1583 cm-1. No significant complexation is observed with the addition of DMC, hence, DMC has created new pathway and acted as catalyst in the SBEs. The electrical properties of SBEs were investigated using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The highest conducting CMC-NH4CH3CO2-DMC SBE is (4.27 ± 0.02) x 10-5 S/cm at 10 wt.% DMC. By performing the Transference Number Measurement (TNM), the charge transport in these SBE systems is predominantly ions and the conducting species were identified as cation or protons (H+) which confirmed the FTIR analysis. This work implies that there is a potential application of the present SBE as a new bio-based electrolytes system in the fabrication of electrochemical devices.