Religious Conflict In Early Islam: A Study Of Its Causes From Quran Sunnah Perspective

This paper aims to present an historical survey on the conflict between Islam and other
religions. It undertakes an analytic textual reading of the concerned Quranic verses and
a historical survey of the Prophet’s (pbuh) efforts to resolution of the conflict. This
study finds that a multi-dimensional causes contributed to the conflict between the
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and other religions. For example, Religious roots which
was mainly caused by the Christians and Jews’ denial of prophecy of Muhammad
(pbuh) after a clear prediction of his prophethood in their religious scriptures. However,
politico-economy was another key element of this conflict in the early Islamic state in
Madinah. Though this conflict had come to broad daylight in the Islamic era, had a
long pre-Islamic root go back to the second and third century CE. Moreover, Jews and
Christians had a genuine fear of being defeated by the new emerging Muslim power.
Therefore, they had found themselves in conflict so that they could reign their
hegemony over the territory. In addition, after a city state was established in Madinah,
the Prophet (pbuh) found a demographic presence of Jews and their ally Quraish
threatening it peace, security, stability and even assassination of head of the state.
Hence, the conflict had become inevitable.