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Cu2+ montmorillonite K10 clay catalyst as a green catalyst for production of stearic acid methyl ester: Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)

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dc.citedby2
dc.contributor.affiliationsFaculty of Science and Technology
dc.contributor.affiliationsUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM)
dc.contributor.authorAlmadani E.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHarun F.W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRadzi S.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMuhamad S.K.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-29T02:01:10Z
dc.date.available2024-05-29T02:01:10Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractClay catalyst has received much attention to replace the homogeneous catalysts in the esterification re-action to produce fatty acid methyl ester as the source of biodiesel as it is low cost, easily available, as well as environmental friendly. However, the use of unmodified clay, in particular montmorillonite K10 (MMT K10), for the esterification of fatty acids showed that the acid conversion was less than 60% and this is not preferable to the production of biodiesel. In this study, synthesis of stearic acid methyl ester using Cu2+-MMT K10 (Cu-MMT K10) was successfully optimized via response surface methodo-logy (RSM) based on 3-variable of Box-Behnken design (BB). The parameters were; reaction time (5-180 minutes), reaction temperature (80-120 �C) and concentration of Cu2+ in MMT K10 (0.25-1 M). The use of RSM in optimizing the conversion of stearic acid was successfully developed as the actual experi-mental conversion of stearic acid was found similar to the actual values under the optimum conditions. The model equation predicted that the following conditions would generate the maximum conversion of stearic acid (87.05 % reaction time of 62 minutes, a reaction temperature of 80 'C and catalyst used is 1.0 M Cu-MMT K10. This finding can be considered as green catalytic process as it worked at moderate reaction temperature using low cost clay catalyst with a short reaction time.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.9767/bcrec.13.1.1397.187-195
dc.identifier.epage195
dc.identifier.issn19782993
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85041242056
dc.identifier.spage187
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041242056&doi=10.9767%2fbcrec.13.1.1397.187-195&partnerID=40&md5=d451d7420d70c0d0c6f36150c76543b3
dc.identifier.urihttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/10155
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherDiponegoro Universityen_US
dc.relation.ispartofOpen Accessen_US
dc.relation.ispartofBulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectEsterificationen_US
dc.subjectMontmorillonite K10en_US
dc.subjectResponse surface methodologyen_US
dc.subjectStearic acid methyl esteren_US
dc.titleCu2+ montmorillonite K10 clay catalyst as a green catalyst for production of stearic acid methyl ester: Optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)en_US
dc.title.alternativeBull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication

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