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Exposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: Findings from a nationwide study in Malaysia

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dc.Chemicals/CASTobacco Smoke Pollution
dc.FundingDetailsInternational Islamic University Malaysia Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
dc.FundingDetails1Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Kuliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia 3Institute of Public Health, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia 4Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia 5Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 6Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia Acknowledgements We would like to thank the Director-General of Health Malaysia for his permission to publish this paper. We would also like to thank those who were involved in the study and who assisted in the collection and management of the data for their support and cooperation.
dc.FundingDetailsThe project was funded by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia.
dc.citedby3
dc.contributor.affiliationsFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
dc.contributor.affiliationsInstitute for Medical Research
dc.contributor.affiliationsInternational Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)
dc.contributor.affiliationsInstitute of Public Health
dc.contributor.affiliationsDisease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia
dc.contributor.affiliationsUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM)
dc.contributor.affiliationsHospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah
dc.contributor.authorLim K.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTeh C.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNik Mohamed M.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPan S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLing M.Y.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMohd Yusoff M.F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHassan N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBaharom N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorDawam N.D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorIsmail N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGhazali S.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorCheong K.C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorChong K.H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLim H.L.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-28T08:31:03Z
dc.date.available2024-05-28T08:31:03Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractObjectives Secondhand smoke (SHS) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the aims of the paper are to assess SHS exposure among non-smoking adults in Malaysia attending various smoking-restricted and non-restricted public areas according to the Control of Tobacco Product Regulations (CTPR) as well as its relationship with various sociodemographic variables. Design Data were extracted from a cross-sectional study, the Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2011 which involved 3269 non-smokers in Malaysia. Data was obtained through face-to-face interviews using a validated pre-tested questionnaire. Factors associated with exposure to SHS were identified via multivariable analysis. Results The study revealed that almost two-thirds of respondents were exposed to SHS in at least one public area in the past 1 month, with a significantly higher exposure among males (70.6%), those with higher educational attainment (81.4%) and higher income (quintile 1%-73.9%). Besides, the exposure to SHS was almost four times higher in non-restricted areas compared with restricted areas under the CTPR (81.9% vs 22.9). Multivariable analysis revealed that males and younger adults at non-restricted areas were more likely to be exposed to SHS while no significant associated factors of SHS exposure was observed in restricted areas. Conclusions The study revealed the prevalence of SHS exposure was higher among Malaysian adults. Although smoke-free laws offer protection to non-smokers from exposure to SHS, enforcement activities in restricted areas should be enhanced to ensure strict public abidance. In addition, legislation of restricted areas should also be extended to greatly reduce the SHS exposure among non-smokers in Malaysia. � 2018 Article author(s).en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.ArtNoe017203
dc.identifier.doi10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017203
dc.identifier.issn20446055
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.pmid29317411
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85040638128
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040638128&doi=10.1136%2fbmjopen-2017-017203&partnerID=40&md5=a99854f211e86096b54a53a45caa8f4c
dc.identifier.urihttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/8970
dc.identifier.volume8
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherBMJ Publishing Groupen_US
dc.relation.ispartofOpen Accessen_US
dc.relation.ispartofBMJ Open
dc.sourceScopus
dc.titleExposure to tobacco secondhand smoke and its associated factors among non-smoking adults in smoking-restricted and non-restricted areas: Findings from a nationwide study in Malaysiaen_US
dc.title.alternativeBMJ Openen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication

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