Modeling Ai-Generated Misinformation: Shariah, Ethical And Forensic Perspectives From Malaysia

This study investigates the growing threat of AI-generated misinformation in Malaysia through an integrative framework combining system dynamics modeling with Shariah, ethical, and forensic analyses. A system dynamics model was developed to simulate the spread of AI-driven deceptive content among Malaysian internet users using key variables such as population size, monthly website visits, and deception rates. Simulation results show that increasing AI-generated content from 30% to 50% significantly accelerates the time required for misinformation to reach the entire internet-using population, from approximately four years to just two and a half years. This rapid propagation creates a critical mismatch between the pace of technological harm and the slower processes of legislative, forensic, and Shariah-based institutional responses. From a Shariah perspective, pervasive AI misinformation threatens the credibility of fatwas, Halal certification systems, and the authenticity of religious knowledge. Ethically, repeated exposure erodes trust, undermines civic engagement, and weakens adherence to tabayyun. From a forensic standpoint, the ubiquity of synthetic digital content complicates attribution, evidence validation, and prosecution, enabling both sophisticated cybercrimes and the “deepfake defense”. The findings highlight the urgency for anticipatory governance, harmonized religious and legal frameworks, and strengthened digital forensic readiness to safeguard societal cohesion and the integrity of Islamic knowledge in the age of generative AI.