Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a Fatwa Assistance Tool

This Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly utilised across various fields, including the domain of fatwa issuance. Its ability to collect, organise, and analyse information positions it as a relevant supportive tool. However, its use remains debated due to concerns related to epistemology, scholarly authority, and ethics. Algorithm-based AI lacks the capability to grasp maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, public interest (maṣlaḥah), and social context—elements essential to the process of ijtihad. Accordingly, this study aims to analyse the potential of AI as a supportive tool in ijtihad and to identify guidelines for its use that align with Sharīʿah principles and ethical standards. This research employs content analysis of journal articles, books, expert interviews, and official guidelines. The data are analysed descriptively to identify the advantages and challenges of AI within the context of fatwa deliberation. The findings indicate that AI holds significant potential as a research assistant that aids in information gathering and the organisation of fatwa-related materials. AI, however, does not possess the qualifications required for ijtihad and therefore cannot replace a mufti. Its role is limited to functioning as a fatwa assistance tool that supports the processes of collecting, structuring, and analysing information. Consequently, AI must be utilised within a regulated framework established by religious authorities to ensure that its benefits align with maqāṣid al-sharīʿah without compromising the authority of Islamic scholars.