الاتساق بالإحالة في ترجمة رواية ملايوية "الأستاذ" إلى اللغة العربية: دراسة مقارنة بين الترجمة البشرية والترجمة الآلية

This study investigates the similarities and differences between human translation and machine translation, namely Google Translate in translating cohesion elements, which have semantic relations with another element in a text. The type of cohesion elements chosen in this study is Reference. Reference includes pronoun, demonstrative nouns, and comparative nouns, as stated by Halliday and Hasan (1976). The reference elements are extracted from the first chapter of the Malay novel ‘Ustaz’ to identify the reference elements that exist in the text. This study adopted a comparative analysis method to compare between human translation (HT) and Google Translate (GT). It is found that the similarities and differences between the two translations are divided into three categories: 1) Perfect similarities, 2) Imperfect similarities and 3) Differences. The study also found that there are more similarities than differences between HT and GT. The differences that are found are acceptable in terms of preserving the cohesion of the text. However, there is one sub-category of the differences that affects the cohesion of the text that is, the differences in pronouns. This difference is considered as common mistakes done by Google Translate as it sometimes fails to identify the referent of the pronoun, resulting in confusion for the reader. It can be concluded that Google Translate is capable to translate cohesion to some extent, but it still needs a post editing by human translator to achieve total cohesion in a text.