Analyzing Blockchain Integration with Sharia Principles in Gold Mining to Support a Sustainable Mining Industry in Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the world's gold producers, but is facing serious challenges in the form of Illegal mining that is harmful to the environment, society, and economy, and is not in accordance with Sharia values. This study aims to explore the application of blockchain to improve the transparency of the gold supply chain, reduce illegal activities, and maximize state revenue based on resource management principles of fairness and sustainability. The research approach used is a mixed-method approach with PEST analysis, SWOT matrix, Critical Risk Factors (CRF), and interviews with experts. This study evaluates the current conditions of the gold supply chain and proposes a blockchain model based on Sharia principles. Findings reveal that blockchain can improve governance, promote sustainable mining practices, and advance the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sharia approaches such as financial transparency through mudharabah, social justice through zakat, and environmental management in accordance with Islamic values, combined with the advantages of blockchain, create a more fair and ethical gold mining ecosystem. IFAS and EFAS analyses each show scores of 3.71 and 3.63, placing blockchain in Quadrant 1 as a highly favorable situation. The average CRF score is also 3.79 (75.8%), supporting the view that Sharia-based blockchain can provide significant benefits to this sector, realizing ethical and responsible mining practices.