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Widefield Two-photon Excitation Without Scanning: Live Cell Microscopy With Hightime Resolution And Low Photo-bleaching

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Abstract

We demonstrate fluorescence imaging by two-photon excitation without scanning in biological specimens as previously described by Hwang and co-workers, but with an increased field size and with framing rates of up to 100 Hz. During recordings of synaptically-driven Ca2+ events in primary rat hippocampal neurone cultures loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Fluo-4 AM, we have observed greatly reduced photo-bleaching in comparison with single-photon excitation. This method, which requires no costly additions to the microscope, promises to be useful for work where high time-resolution is required.

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Fluorescence imaging, Lasers, Optical lenses, Specimen sectioning,Two-photon excitation microscopy, Fluorescence, Fluorescence microscopy, Imaging techniques

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