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Effect Of Radiation Emitted By Wireless Devices On Male Reproductive Hormones: A Systematic Review

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dc.contributor.authorSofwatul Mokhtarah Binti Maluinen_US
dc.contributor.authorKhairul Osmanen_US
dc.contributor.authorFarah Hanan Fathihah Jaffaren_US
dc.contributor.authorSiti Fatimah Ibrahimen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-28T05:51:28Z
dc.date.available2024-05-28T05:51:28Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.date.submitted2021-10-5
dc.description.abstractExposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from various wireless devices has increased dramatically with the advancement of technology. One of the most vulnerable organs to the RF-EMR is the testes. This is due to the fact that testicular tissues are more susceptible to oxidative stress due to a high rate of cell division and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. As a result of extensive cell proliferation, replication errors occur, resulting in DNA fragmentation in the sperm. While high oxygen consumption increases the level of oxidative phosphorylation by-products (free radicals) in the mitochondria. Furthermore, due to its inability to effectively dissipate excess heat, testes are also susceptible to thermal effects from RF-EMR exposure. As a result, people are concerned about its impact on male reproductive function. The aim of this article was to conduct a review of literature on the effects of RF-EMR emitted by wireless devices on male reproductive hormones in experimental animals and humans. According to the findings of the studies, RF-EMR emitted by mobile phones and Wi-Fi devices can cause testosterone reduction. However, the effect on gonadotrophic hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) is inconclusive. These findings were influenced by several factors, which can influence energy absorption and the biological effect of RF-EMR. The effect of RF-EMR in the majority of animal and human studies appeared to be related to the duration of mobile phone use. Thus, limiting the use of wireless devices is recommended.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fphys.2021.732420
dc.identifier.epage8
dc.identifier.issn1664-042X
dc.identifier.issue732420
dc.identifier.other2454-1
dc.identifier.spage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/6684
dc.identifier.volume12
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherFrontiersen_US
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Physiologyen_US
dc.subjectmobile phone, Wi-Fi, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH)en_US
dc.titleEffect Of Radiation Emitted By Wireless Devices On Male Reproductive Hormones: A Systematic Reviewen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication

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