Dimensions Formation and Instrument Items Development: The Role of Student and The Role of Educator based on Al-Ghazali's Educational Approach

The study aimed to develop an instrument to assess students' perceptions of their roles and educators' roles throughout e-learning sessions. The research employed a descriptive survey approach, with data collected in two phases: Phase I - Design and Construction and Phase II - Instrument Validation. The data were obtained from analyzing relevant literature based on theories and models.

Additionally, feedback from 5 experts was gathered for face validity. The pilot test involved 35 University Kebangsaan Malaysia undergraduate students. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the Role of Educator (ROE) was found to be .784; for the Role of Student (ROS), it was calculated as .781. The developed instrument consisted of 2 dimensions: ROS and ROE, each comprising seven sub-dimensions and a total of 22 items based on Al-Ghazali's educational approach. The study's findings demonstrated that the instrument exhibited high validity and reliability, making it suitable for the actual study. In conclusion, the instrument could transform teaching and learning processes, promote student engagement and achievement, and foster a culture of continuous improvement in education.