Publication: 3rd Order Optical Nonlinearity Enhancement Of Halochromic Phenol Red Dye Immobilized In Pva/silica Hybrid Host Matrix
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Date
2023
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Publisher
SpringerLink
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the third-order nonlinear optical properties of phenol red (PR) solutions and their hybrid composites, analyzing a PR solution with a pH of 7.56, a zwitterionic PR solution (PRz) with a pH of 1.52, and a PR-doped PVA/silica (PR-PS) hybrid composite made using an acid-catalysed sol-gel method and drop-casting technique. The PR-PS thin film exhibits a smooth and homogeneous surface, with a root mean square roughness (RMS) of 0.816 nm and an average roughness, Ra of 0.648 nm. FESEM was employed to analyze the surface morphology and thickness of the thin film, which was found to be approximately 80 µm. UV-vis analysis demonstrates that PR in the matrix is in its zwitterionic form, with absorption peaks at 450 nm and 515 nm. The PVA/silica hybrid matrix exhibits an enhancement in third-order nonlinear susceptibility, χ(3) by 83.94%. Moreover, our finding also indicates that the PR-PS hybrid composite’s β being being 79.09% and 99.37% larger than that of the PR and PRz samples, respectively. These results suggest that the PR-PS thin film is a promising material for photonic applications, such as nonlinear optical switching devices and optical limiting applications, due to its enhanced nonlinear optical properties.
Description
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Volume107 Issue 3 Page (523–535)
Keywords
Phenol red dye ● Sol-gel ● Nonlinear optics ● Z-scan method
Citation
Alex Teh Boon Li, Muhammad Aizat Abu Bakar, Ahmad Fairuz Omar, Mohamad Shuaib Mohamed Saheed, Nur Athirah Mohd Taib,Sabah M. Mohammad, Ganesan Krishnan, Mundzir Abdullah (2023). 3rd order optical nonlinearity enhancement of halochromic phenol red dye immobilized in PVA/silica hybrid host matrix. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 107(3), 523–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06153-3