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Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Mimicking COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Patient with Newly Diagnosed Advanced HIV Disease

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dc.contributor.authorAhmad Anwaar Muhammad Saifullahen_US
dc.contributor.authorMohd Rahman Omaren_US
dc.contributor.authorNour Hanan Daniah Mohd Bakhiten_US
dc.contributor.authorAssyifaa Nik Mazianen_US
dc.contributor.authorSarah Zulaikha Samaden_US
dc.contributor.authorNor Safiqah Sharilen_US
dc.contributor.authorSiow Kim Yoonen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-30T02:26:25Z
dc.date.available2024-05-30T02:26:25Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.date.submitted2021-10-5
dc.descriptionULUM ISLAMIYYAH The Malaysian Journal of Islamic Sciences (Special Issue IHEC 01-2021) [April 2021]en_US
dc.description.abstractDuring the pandemic, diagnosis of COVID-19 infection must be excluded in patients presenting with respiratory features, especially in the area where the incidence was high. This case report highlights a man who came with respiratory infection symptoms and the chest radiograph suspicious of COVID-19 pneumonia; however, his swab test for RT-PCR was negative for COVID-19. Later he was found to have a positive anti-HIV antibody and developed advanced HIV infection by multiple opportunistic infections. A 45-year-old man presented with chronic cough and dyspnea for three months which worsened five days before the presentation. It was associated with diarrhoea, dysphagia, weight loss, left lower limb weakness, with bowel and urinary incontinence. Chest auscultation revealed generalized crepitations. The first chest radiograph showed bilateral reticular opacities extending to the lung peripheries when the suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia was made. The nasopharynx swab for RT-PCR for COVID-19 was negative, and the sputum was positive for Pneumocystis jirovecii. The contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) brain revealed changes consistent with brain abscess. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was consistent with cryptococcal infection. He was initially treated in the Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) ward because of the initial impression of COVID-19. He was tested positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) rapid test and PCR, RPR and TPHA for syphilis. He was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, cryptococcal meningitis, brain abscess, oral and oesophageal candidiasis and syphilis. He was treated with co-trimoxazole, Amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, penicillin G and Nystatin. He initially improved upon treatment but later succumbed to his illnesses. Given the current situation of COVID-19, any patient with acute respiratory symptoms must be tested to rule out COVID-19 pneumonia. However, in a newly diagnosed advanced HIV patient presented with respiratory infection symptoms and extrapulmonary symptoms, opportunistic infections should be excluded along with COVID-19.en_US
dc.identifier.citationMuhammad Saifullah, A. A. ., Omar, M. R. ., Mohd Bakhit, N. H. D. ., Nik Mazian, A., Samad, S. Z. ., Sharil, N. S. ., & Siow, K. Y. (2021). Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Mimicking COVID-19 Pneumonia In A Patient With Newly Diagnosed Advanced HIV Disease. Ulum Islamiyyah, 33(2), 107-116. https://doi.org/10.33102/uij.vol33no1.299en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.33102/uij.vol33no1.299
dc.identifier.epage116
dc.identifier.issn1675-5936
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.other971-13
dc.identifier.spage107
dc.identifier.urihttps://uijournal.usim.edu.my/index.php/uij/article/view/299
dc.identifier.urihttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/16069
dc.identifier.volume33
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherUSIM Pressen_US
dc.relation.conference4thUSIM International Health Conference (IHEC2020)en_US
dc.relation.ispartofULUM ISLAMIYYAH: The Malaysian Journal of Islamic Sciencesen_US
dc.subjectCOVID-19, HIV, cryptococcal meningitis, Pneumocystis jirovecii, pneumoniaen_US
dc.titlePneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Mimicking COVID-19 Pneumonia in a Patient with Newly Diagnosed Advanced HIV Diseaseen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication

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