State Theocracy: Its Concept, Genesis, And Its Contradiction With The Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah

The study aimed to (1) identify theocracy (2) and the source of attribution of authority in it, (3) and the statement of the source of attribution of authority in the city-state in the early days of Islam. The study relied on three approaches, namely: the historical method, the analytical approach and the comparative approach. Andthe study reached a set of results and recommendations, the most important of which are the following: (1) The source of the attribution of power in theocratic states was the Gods, whether when the ruler was deified or by the theory of right and divine delegation directly theocracy, and the people had no role in assigning power, nor monitoring and holding it accountable. Similarly, with the theory of indirect theocratic divine providence, if people choose the ruler, they choose him with the care of God and have no right to question, control and depose him. (2) As for the state of Medina in the era of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphate, the people were the source of the attribution of power within a social contract, constitution, pledge of allegiance and consultation, and the authority is subject to the law, monitored and held accountable. The theocratic idea was completely rejected in the state of Medina