Publication:
The Adaptive Multi-Level Phase Coding Method in Audio Steganography

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dc.contributor.authorAlsabhany, AAen_US
dc.contributor.authorRidzuan, Fen_US
dc.contributor.authorAzni, AHen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-29T02:56:17Z
dc.date.available2024-05-29T02:56:17Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractAudio steganography allows and inspires many researchers to design methods for secure communication. Based on the evaluation on the existing methods, it was found that most methods focused on one or two requirements while disregarding others, causing imbalanced performance. Moreover, most methods lack adaptivity and dynamic allocation. Therefore, in this research, a method called Adaptive Multi-level Phase Coding (AMPC) was proposed to optimize the above issues. The reverse logic of the main tradeoffs was used to empirically design several embedding levels that that simultaneously attained good performance for all aspects as much as possible. Then, an adaptive component was added by selecting the embedding level that provided the best performance for each embedding process. Moreover, the error spreading factor was introduced to achieve a fair payload distribution. The performance balance objective requires a new formulation that will enable the accurate selection of the degree of modification, multiple-bit embedding per modification, and reduced retrieval errors. As a result, the interval centering quantization (ICQ) was formulated and implemented in the proposed method. The experimental results show that AMPC successfully fulfilled the research objectives. Also, AMPC surpassed other phase coding methods in all aspects while time-domain methods achieved the highest transparency and capacity with the lowest robustness. Moreover, experiments show that the implementation of adaptive multi-level concept is able to improve the existing method's performance significantly. In summary, AMPC was able to achieve a stable embedding rate of 33 Kbps at 35 dB of SNR, which is higher than the recorded embedding rate of other phase coding methods.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2940640
dc.identifier.epage129306
dc.identifier.issn2169-3536
dc.identifier.scopusWOS:000487235500001
dc.identifier.spage129291
dc.identifier.urihttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/11578
dc.identifier.volume7
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherIEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Incen_US
dc.relation.ispartofIEEE Accessen_US
dc.sourceWeb Of Science (ISI)
dc.subjectAudio steganographyen_US
dc.subjectphase codingen_US
dc.subjectadaptive multi-levelen_US
dc.subjectAMPCen_US
dc.subjectLSBen_US
dc.titleThe Adaptive Multi-Level Phase Coding Method in Audio Steganographyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication

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