الدرس المعجمي العربي لدى اللغويين الأقدمين في ضوء اللسانيات الحديثة

The features of modern linguistics became clear in the West by the twentieth century AD at the hands of Western linguists, headed by the Swiss linguist "De Saussure", the first pioneer of linguistics. This was followed by a large group of linguists who helped develop the foundations of this knowledge and its principles as an independent science at the beginning of the same century. It is known by several names in the Arab world, such as: Ilm Al-Lughah, Lughawiyyat, Lisaniyyat, Al-Alsuniyyah, and others. Linguistics, in its brief definitions, is a science that studies language scientifically and objectively, using all available scientific means to reach linguistic theories that apply to all human languages. This science, in both its theoretical and applied parts, studies its various fields, the most important of which are: sound, word, sentence, meaning, style, lexicon, and others. As for the Arabic language study, it arose in the late second century AH with the emergence of a group of Arab scholars who focused their attention on studying Arabic grammar and philology. One of the most important things they studied was the vocabulary of the Arabic language with the aim of collecting it in their books for fear of its loss and extinction. In this lexical work, they adopted various foundations and patterns in writing that reflect the characteristics of the Arabic lexicon itself, which is consistent with what modern linguists dealt with in several modern linguistic fields, such as semantics, lexicology, and lexicography. Accordingly, this research aims to highlight the most important patterns of writing in the Arabic lexicography study by the ancient scholars, which are similar to what Western linguists dealt with. This requires describing and analyzing their patterns and types of writings according to the theories and principles in modern linguistics. The hope sought from this research is to reveal the advanced linguistic aspects that our ancient scholars discovered in their study of Arabic lexicon where they preceded Western linguists in this effort by many centuries.