The Drug Mule Experience: A Phenomenological Study of Malaysian Cases

The identification of drug mules by drug dealers was established over 30 years ago, with notable cases of women playing leading roles in this crime. This trend has garnered attention not only in Malaysia but also in many other countries. This qualitative phenomenological study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the risk factors associated with recruitment as a drug mule, the motivations driving individuals to get involved in drug smuggling, and the physical and emotional impact of drug smuggling on these individuals. This study collected data from inmates at Sungai Buloh Prison, Selangor. As part of a qualitative research strategy, one-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants. The sample consisted of five inmates with diverse criminal backgrounds, all housed in Sungai Buloh Prison, Selangor. Thematic analysis, coding, and categorization were employed to examine the information gathered during the interviews. The overall findings of the study indicate that female drug couriers in Malaysia often engage in this activity out of a strong desire to support their families. Additionally, this study has revealed that the precarious financial situations of women make them particularly vulnerable to recruitment as drug mules. The study delves into the historical and current circumstances of female drug couriers. By doing so, society can gain a deeper understanding of the factors that increase the risk of individuals becoming drug mules or motivate them to participate in drug smuggling. Consequently, this study has the potential to contribute to the development of early detection, education, and awareness campaigns focused on the dangers of drug smuggling via the drug mule method.