Perbahasan Hukum Percampuran Manusia-Haiwan: Satu Analisis Tematik dalam Mazhab Shafie

Human-animal mixture has long been done by scientists to be used as a model for disease studies, drug tests, alternative organs in organ transplant treatment and others. The most controversial human-animal mixture is mixing human cells into animal brains because it can raise ethical issues involving the cognitive enhancement of the animal. Furthermore, animals that experience cognitive enhancement can confuse their moral status because they can reach the cognitive level of humans. In addition, the absence of a specific moral status towards these animals increases the concern of bioethicists and philosophers in dealing with these beings. From an Islamic perspective, this matter can affect Islamic law if the animal can resemble humans physically or cognitively because they are neither human nor animal anymore. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse thematically the discussions of classical jurists on this issue either directly or conceptually. The words mutawalid, aadami and kalbun were chosen as keywords, the theme was formed to give an understanding of how Islam lays down laws against animals that resemble humans, which can then be used to help in determining the law of human-animal mixing in biomedical science. The results of the study found several Islamic rule debates that debated sacred law, worship, slaughter and eating, marriage, guardianship, inheritance and human-animal wills in the Shafiite School. In addition, there are differences in laws that involve differences in the form of mixing and others that involve humans and animals.