Malaysian Youth & Political Socialization: Navigating Democracy, Leadership, and Global Citizenship

This mixed-methods study investigates political socialization among Malaysian youth, analyzing data from the Malaysian Youth Index 2023 (N=5,414) and 12 focus group discussions. Findings reveal a digital paradox where high social media engagement (92%) coexists with low political literacy (5.2/10), exacerbated by algorithmic echo chambers. Significant urban-rural disparities (18-point gap) persist due to unequal access to civic education and digital infrastructure. While digital activism is prevalent (43%), formal political participation remains low (6%). The study proposes a Hybrid Political Socialization Model integrating digital platforms, mentorship programs, and community hubs to enhance youth engagement. Key recommendations include: (1) curriculum reforms
emphasizing critical digital literacy, (2) accelerated rural digital development, and (3) institutionalized youth cocreation in policymaking. These findings offer both theoretical insights into digital-era citizenship and practical strategies for strengthening youth political participation in Malaysia’s multicultural democracy.