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A case of fatal diphtheria in a paediatric patient

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dc.Chemicals/CASamoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, 74469-00-4, 79198-29-1; metronidazole, 39322-38-8, 443-48-1
dc.contributor.affiliationsFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
dc.contributor.affiliationsUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Medical Centre
dc.contributor.affiliationsUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM)
dc.contributor.authorRashid Z.Z.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMohamed N.A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFong T.S.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-29T02:08:11Z
dc.date.available2024-05-29T02:08:11Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.description.abstractThe introduction of diphtheria immunisation into the Expanded Program of Immunisation in the 1970s has markedly reduced the incidence of diphtheria diseases. We report a case of fatal diphtheria in a 2 year-old girl whose immunisation status was not known. She had presented with acute exudative tonsillitis and was treated with intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanate but showed progressive signs of upper airway obstruction; stridor, drooling of saliva and bull-neck appearance, with bilateral facial swelling around the parotid region that extended to submental and submandibular regions. Initial cultures from blood, throat, nasal and oral cavity revealed no significant organisms. Corynebacterium diphtheriae subspecies gravis which was resistant to penicillin, was isolated from pus specimen a day after her demise. Clinical suspicion is important to aid diagnosis, microbiological confirmation and management of diphtheria, as the disease is rare in the era of successful immunisation programs. Microbiological vigilance plays an important role in early detection of infection as well as outbreaks. Early institution of diphtheria antitoxin may save lives, while delay in diagnosis may increase mortality and the risk of transmission. This case reaffirms the vital role of immunisation and the importance of efforts to ensure a high uptake of the scheduled immunisations.en_US
dc.description.natureFinalen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.5580/IJMB.32981
dc.identifier.epage5
dc.identifier.issn19378289
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-84959191190
dc.identifier.spage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959191190&doi=10.5580%2fIJMB.32981&partnerID=40&md5=ed7e6cba131706f956f92102bdeb0fd9
dc.identifier.urihttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/10421
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherInternet Scientific Publications, LLCen_US
dc.relation.ispartofInternet Journal of Microbiologyen_US
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectcorynebacterium diphtheriae, diphtheria, fatal, immunisation, malaysiaen_US
dc.titleA case of fatal diphtheria in a paediatric patienten_US
dc.title.alternativeInternet J. Microbiol.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication

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