Publication:
Periodontal Health And Microbiological Characteristics Of Siwak (chewing Stick) And Toothbrush Users: A Cross-sectional Study

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dc.contributor.authorWinarni Yasmin
dc.contributor.authorRathna Devi Vaithilingam
dc.contributor.authorNadia Halib
dc.contributor.authorRohazila Mohamad Hanafiah
dc.contributor.authorHaslinda Ramli
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-30T17:04:45Z
dc.date.available2024-09-30T17:04:45Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.date.submitted2024-9-30
dc.descriptionEuropean Journal of General Dentistry, Volume 13 issie 3 Page (191–197)
dc.description.abstractObjective Siwak is a chewing stick used to clean the teeth and oral structures. Many studies have been conducted to assess the potential use of siwak in dentistry and concluded that it can be an alternative to a toothbrush in reducing plaque and gingivitis. However, some observations have reported more periodontal attachment loss and gingival recession among siwak users. This study aimed to compare the periodontal health and oral microbial characteristics between siwak and toothbrush users. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study, and participants were recruited from the public who attended community engagement programs. They were assigned to two groups based on whether they used siwak or a toothbrush. Participants who consented were examined for periodontal health. Supragingival and subgingival plaque samples were collected for bacterial identification and quantification. Statistical Analysis The SPSS package version 21.0 was used for data entry. Data normality was statistically tested using Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, while data comparison used either t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Results A total of 36 participants were included in this study. The findings revealed that the plaque scores, bleeding scores, and periodontal pocket depths between siwak and toothbrush users were comparable (p > 0.05). Both groups had no evidence of gingival recession. Most participants had bacteria with characteristics of Streptococcus spp., which were present in 12 toothbrush users and 6 siwak users. Conclusions The periodontal health status of siwak users was comparable to that of toothbrush users. Despite this, siwak users had fewer types of bacteria than toothbrush users, suggesting that siwak may serve as an alternative device to conventional toothbrushes for oral hygiene when properly used.
dc.identifier.citationWinarni Yasmin, Rathna Devi Vaithilingam, Nadia Halib, Rohazila Mohamad Hanafiah & Haslinda Ramli (2024).Periodontal Health and Microbiological Characteristics of Siwak (Chewing Stick) and Toothbrush Users: A Cross-Sectional Study. European Journal of General Dentistry, 13(3), 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1782185
dc.identifier.doi10.1055/s-0044-1782185
dc.identifier.epage197
dc.identifier.issn2278-9626
dc.identifier.issue3
dc.identifier.other922-24
dc.identifier.spage190
dc.identifier.urihttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/23052
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0044-1782185.pdf
dc.identifier.volume13
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherThieme
dc.relation.ispartofEuropean Journal of General Dentistry
dc.relation.issn2320-4753
dc.relation.journalEuropean Journal of General Dentistry
dc.subjectbacterial morphology
dc.subjectchewing stick
dc.subjectgingivitis
dc.subjectperiodontal pocke
dc.subjectSalvadora persica
dc.titlePeriodontal Health And Microbiological Characteristics Of Siwak (chewing Stick) And Toothbrush Users: A Cross-sectional Study
dc.typetext::journal::journal article::research article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage197
oaire.citation.issue3
oaire.citation.startPage190
oaire.citation.volume13
oairecerif.author.affiliationUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia
oairecerif.author.affiliation#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#
oairecerif.author.affiliationUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia
oairecerif.author.affiliationUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia
oairecerif.author.affiliationUniversiti Sains Islam Malaysia

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