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A Large Response Range Reflectometric Urea Biosensor Made from Silica-Gel Nanoparticles

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dc.contributor.authorAlqasaimeh, Men_US
dc.contributor.authorHeng, LYen_US
dc.contributor.authorAhmad, Men_US
dc.contributor.authorRaj, ASSen_US
dc.contributor.authorLing, TLen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-29T03:26:03Z
dc.date.available2024-05-29T03:26:03Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractA new silica-gel nanospheres (SiO(2)NPs) composition was formulated, followed by biochemical surface functionalization to examine its potential in urea biosensor development. The SiO(2)NPs were basically synthesized based on sol-gel chemistry using a modified Stober method. The SiO(2)NPs surfaces were modified with amine (-NH2) functional groups for urease immobilization in the presence of glutaric acid (GA) cross-linker. The chromoionophore pH-sensitive dye ETH 5294 was physically adsorbed on the functionalized SiO(2)NPs as pH transducer. The immobilized urease determined urea concentration reflectometrically based on the colour change of the immobilized chromoionophore as a result of the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea. The pH changes on the biosensor due to the catalytic enzyme reaction of immobilized urease were found to correlate with the urea concentrations over a linear response range of 50-500 mM (R-2 = 0.96) with a detection limit of 10 mM urea. The biosensor response time was 9 min with reproducibility of less than 10% relative standard deviation (RSD). This optical urea biosensor did not show interferences by Na+, K+, Mg2+ and NH4+ ions. The biosensor performance has been validated using urine samples in comparison with a non-enzymatic method based on the use of p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) reagent and demonstrated a good correlation between the two different methods (R-2 = 0.996 and regression slope of 1.0307). The SiO(2)NPs-based reflectometric urea biosensor showed improved dynamic linear response range when compared to other nanoparticle-based optical urea biosensors.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s140713186
dc.identifier.epage13209
dc.identifier.issue7
dc.identifier.scopusWOS:000340035700107
dc.identifier.spage13186
dc.identifier.urihttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/12063
dc.identifier.volume14
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherMdpien_US
dc.relation.ispartofSensors
dc.sourceWeb Of Science (ISI)
dc.subjectsilica-gel nanospheresen_US
dc.subjecturea biosensoren_US
dc.subjectreflectometricen_US
dc.subjectpH-sensitiveen_US
dc.subjectlinear response rangeen_US
dc.titleA Large Response Range Reflectometric Urea Biosensor Made from Silica-Gel Nanoparticles
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication

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