Publication: Comparison of Gut Microbiota Between Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Healthy Population Across the Three Major Malaysian Ethnic Groups in Ampang, Selangor
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Date
2023-05
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and the
leading cause of death in Malaysia. Accumulating evidence suggests that dysbiosis in
the gut microbiota composition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several
metabolic disorders including T2DM. However, in Malaysia, the association between
the gut microbiota composition of the multi-ethnic community with T2DM remains
unexplored. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition in
T2DM subjects when compared to non-diabetic subjects (nonDM) among the three
major ethnic groups in Malaysia i.e., Malays, Chinese and Indians. This case-control
study consisted of 45 T2DM and 45 nonDM participants, matched by ethnicity (N=90).
The composition of gut microbiota was investigated using 16S rDNA sequencing
targeting the V3 – V4 hypervariable regions. Phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes,
Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were found to be dominant across all study groups.
Alpha diversity measures found significantly reduced diversity in the overall T2DM
group. Also, a significant difference in beta diversity between the T2DM and nonDM
groups was reflected in Malay and Indian ethnicity. In comparison to the respective
nonDM groups, T2DMs had increased prevalence and/or abundance of phyla
Proteobacteria, Synergistetes and genus Escherichia-Shigella as well as the reduction
of genera Anaerostipes, Fusicatenibacter and Clostridium. In addition, the altered
clinical characteristics found among T2DMs, i.e., age, fasting plasma glucose (FPG),
alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, and triglyceride (TG) associated
positively with phylum Proteobacteria as well as genus Escherichia-Shigella
specifically with age, BMI, urea and TG. On the other hand, negative correlations were
observed between BMI, FPG and TG with genus Anaerostipes, BMI and TG with genus
Fusicatenibacter along with FPG and TG with genus Clostridium. This study also
conducted a systematic review to summarise the existing evidence related to microbiota
composition and diversity in prediabetic (preDM) and newly diagnosed T2DM
(newDM) individuals in comparison to nonDM. In a total of 18 studies (5,489
participants), the preDM and newDM individuals exhibited low gut microbial diversity
along with a decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia,
Dialister, Flavonifractor, Alistipes, Haemophilus, Akkermansia muciniphila and
increased abundance of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Veillonella and
Collinsella. Lactobacillus was also found to positively correlate with FPG, HbA1c and
HOMA-IR. In conclusion, findings from this study have provided us with a better
insight into the diversity and composition of the diabetic gut microbiota in a multiethnic
Malaysian population, while the systematic review has improved our
understanding of gut microbial dysbiosis during the early stages of glucose intolerance.
Description
Matric: 3192539(FPSK) -Restricted until May 2026
Keywords
Ethnic, Gut microbiota, Non-diabetic subjects (nonDM), Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), Cardiovascular diseases, Dysbiosis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia, Dialister, Flavonifractor, Alistipes, Haemophilus, Akkermansia muciniphila, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Veillonella, Collinsella
Citation
Geetha A/P K. Letchumanan. (2023). Comparison of Gut Microbiota Between Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Healthy Population Across the Three Major Malaysian Ethnic Groups in Ampang, Selangor [Master’s thesis, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia]. USIM Research Repository.