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Advancements In Monitoring water Quality Based On Various Sensing Methods: A Systematic Review

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dc.contributor.authorSiti Nadhirah Zainurinen_US
dc.contributor.authorWan Zakiah Wan Ismailen_US
dc.contributor.authorSiti Nurul Iman Mahamuden_US
dc.contributor.authorIrneza Ismailen_US
dc.contributor.authorJuliza Jamaludinen_US
dc.contributor.authorKhairul Nabilah Zainul Ariffinen_US
dc.contributor.authorWan Maryam Wan Ahmad Kamilen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-29T02:26:49Z
dc.date.available2024-05-29T02:26:49Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.date.submitted2023-1-17
dc.description.abstractNowadays, water pollution has become a global issue affecting most countries in the world. Water quality should be monitored to alert authorities on water pollution, so that action can be taken quickly. The objective of the review is to study various conventional and modern methods of monitoring water quality to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the methods. The methods include the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual sensing, cyber-physical system (CPS), and optical techniques. In this review, water quality monitoring systems and process control in several countries, such as New Zealand, China, Serbia, Bangladesh, Malaysia, and India, are discussed. Conventional and modern methods are compared in terms of parameters, complexity, and reliability. Recent methods of water quality monitoring techniques are also reviewed to study any loopholes in modern methods. We found that CPS is suitable for monitoring water quality due to a good combination of physical and computational algorithms. Its embedded sensors, processors, and actuators can be designed to detect and interact with environments. We believe that conventional methods are costly and complex, whereas modern methods are also expensive but simpler with real-time detection. Traditional approaches are more time-consuming and expensive due to the high maintenance of laboratory facilities, involve chemical materials, and are inefficient for on-site monitoring applications. Apart from that, previous monitoring methods have issues in achieving a reliable measurement of water quality parameters in real time. There are still limitations in instruments for detecting pollutants and producing valuable information on water quality. Thus, the review is important in order to compare previous methods and to improve current water quality assessments in terms of reliability and cost-effectiveness.en_US
dc.identifier.citationZainurin, S.N.;Wan Ismail, W.Z.; Mahamud, S.N.I.; Ismail, I.; Jamaludin, J.; Ariffin, K.N.Z.;Wan Ahmad Kamil, W.M. Advancements in MonitoringWater Quality Based on Various Sensing Methods: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 14080. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph192114080en_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114080
dc.identifier.epage21
dc.identifier.issn1660-4601
dc.identifier.issue14080
dc.identifier.spage1
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/21/14080
dc.identifier.urihttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/10640
dc.identifier.volume1914080
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Healthen_US
dc.subjectembedded sensors; water quality monitoring system; water pollution and sensing methodsen_US
dc.titleAdvancements In Monitoring water Quality Based On Various Sensing Methods: A Systematic Reviewen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication

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