Scalable, High-Yield, and Green Synthesis Method of MOF-303 for Atmospheric Water Harvesting: A Literature Review

In order to address the global issue of water scarcity, alternative methods of acquiring water from non-traditional sources are urgently required. Harvesting fresh water from the air through atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) serves as a promising solution. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), particularly MOF-303, have attained distinctive attention as the most favourable material for AWH due to their unique structure, namely, tunability, high-porosity, and capability of adsorbing water at low relative humidity and then mildly heated for the release of concentrated water vapors. This literature review aims to identify the results of a scalable, high-yield, and green synthesis of MOF-303 using a reflux-based method. Results of the review of 10 selected journals indicate that the method results in a remarkably high reaction yield of approximately >90%, with the results exhibiting outstanding characteristic qualities and water uptake capacities. Using water instead of any other toxic organic solvents in the synthesis makes this method harmless to the environment and human health. It allows for a cost-effective high-scale synthesis of up to 3.5 kg of MOF-303 per batch, making it highly functional for commercial production.