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Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 310 Appendix A Questions designed for the Interview with zakat payers and potential zalat payers are as follow: Name: Designation: Age: Sex: Marital Status: Educational Level: S/N Interview Questions 1 Through which channel do you pay your zakat? 2 Do you know there are zakat institutions in Kwara state? 3 How do you know about zakat institutions in Kwara state? 4 Do you use zakat institution? If No, why? 5 Do you declare your assets to zakat administrators or any other person that help you to pay your zakat? If No, why? 6 How do you calculate your zakat? 7 Like how much do you pay for zakat? 8 Like how much individual recipient will received from your zakat 9 Do you know that paying zakat to zakat institution is a sunnah? And it has advantages? 10 What are difficulties do you perceived from zakat institutions? 311 Appendix B Questions designed for the Interview with zakat Administrator are as follow: Name Designation: Age: Sex: Working Experience (in Years): Length of Appointment (in Years): S/N Interview Questions 1 Is the committee registered and recognized by government and people in Kwara State? 2 How acceptable or populate is the committee among the zakat payers in Kwara State? Is there media campaigning’s by the committee to encourage zakat payers to regularly pay zakat to the committee? How do the committee identify the zakatable individuals and organizations? Do you believe that all zakatable individuals and organizations in Kwara State pay zakat as and when due? What are your efforts to make sure that the zakatable individuals pay the real due or who usually guide them in ensuring the proper accounting of their properties and zakat due? How do Muslim with zakat assets in Kwara State usually pay their zakat? How do you encourage Zakatable civil servants to pay zakat or does it been removed from their salaries source? Which channel does the committee use to collect zakat from livestock and crop farmers in Kwara State? How does committee manage the collection, distribution and administration of zakat? Do you collect zakat from organizations / companies or individual only? How do the committee identify the recipients of zakat? What categories of zakat recipients do we have in Kwara State? How do you distribute the zakat assets to the recipients? What are the problems / obstacles inhibiting the activities of the committee? 312 Appendix C List of Respondents for Interview No Interviewee Time Date Location 1 2 Zakat Administrators Zakat Administrator (SAMZAMAFIS). Zakat Administrators (zakat and Sadaqat Fundation ) 10:00 am - 10:40 am 5:00 pm - 5:40 pm 10/04/2016 17/04/2016 Secretary’s office At home 3 4 5 6 7 8 Respondents: Resp. 1 Resp. 2 Resp. 3 Resp. 4 Resp. 5 Resp. 6 9:10 am – 9:50am 11:00am- 11:40am 10:00am- 10:30am 2:30 pm- 3:00pm 4:00 pm -4:25pm 9:00 am – 9:30am 23/04/2016 1/5/2016 10/5/2016 17/5/2016 20/5/2016 25/5/2016 Office Office Office Shop Shop home 313 Appendix D STUDY SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE. FACTORS INFLUENCING ZAKAT PAYERS’ PATRONAGE OF ZAKAT INSTITUTIONS IN KWARA STATE OF NIGERIA This questionnaire is designed to examine factors influencing zakat payers’ patronage of zakat institutions for effective management of zakat resources in Kwara State, Nigeria. Please assist the researcher by providing sincere answers to all questions, as there is no right or wrong answer. Be assured that all the information given will be treated as confidential and it will be used only for the purpose of this study. Please contact the researcher for any enquiry on this study. Thank you very much for your cooperation. Aishat Sahban Abubakar Faculty of Economics and Muamalat Administration Islamic Science University Malaysia Mobile: 09090510222 Email: aishatabubakar3232@gmail.com 314 Section 1: Demographic and General Information Please tick the relevant box that corresponds to your chosen answer or fill in the blank as appropriate. 1. Education Background: a) No formal education. b) Primary c) Secondary d) Diploma/NCE. e) Degree/HND . 2. Gender: a) Male b) Female 3. Age: a) 18-30 b) 31-45 c) 46-60 d) 60 and above 4. Marital status: a) Single. b) Married c) Others, specify----- 5. Annual income: a) Less than a million – 1 m naira b) N1.5-N3 million c) N3.5- N4.5 m d) N5 million and above. 6. Profession: a) Civil/public Servant. b) Business c) Crop Farmer d) Livestock Famer e) Artisan. f) Others, specify----------- Section 2: This section asks about your understanding regarding to zakat 7. Do you know that zakat is one of the pillars of Islam? a) Yes. B) No. 8. What is difference between zakat and sadaqat? 9. Is zakat or sadaqat more important? 10. Do you know the reward of the zakat payer? 11. Do you know that zakat should be taken from properties money, certain farm produce, and live livestock as well as gold when they reach a portion known as nisab? a) Yes. b) No. 12. Are you aware of the rules and regulations that guide zakat? a) yes. b) No. 13. Do you know when your zakat is due? a) Yes. b) No. 14. Do you know zakat should be calculated before you deduct it from your money? 15. How much do you pay as your zakat? 16. How do you calculate your zakat? Section 3: this section investigates reason Muslim with zakatable assets in Kwara State do not pay to zakat institutions. 315 17. How do you pay your zakat or how will you pay when you are qualified to do so? a) I prefer to pay it directly to the recipients. b) I prefer to pay it to my scholar. c) I prefer to pay it to private zakat institution d) I prefer to pay it at my mosque. e) I prefer not to pay zakat but sadaqat. 18. How Do you know there are institutions known as zakat & sadaqat committee and zakat & Sadaqat foundation in Kwara State? a) Through media (T.V., Radio, Newspaper, social media). b) Through Islamic programmes. c) Through Islamic organisations. d) Through our mosque. e) I do not know about it. 19. how frequent do you use zakat institutions or will you pay to that zakat institution? a) I always pay to zakat institutions. b) I use it once or twice. c) I rarely use it. d) I will never use it 20. Why you do not use zakat institution regularly? a) I use it regularly. b) Because I do not want to declare my asset. c) Because I pay it to my scholar. d) Because I think it will look like showoff.. e) Because I am afraid of my personal security. 21 . Why do you not declare your assets? a) Because I am afraid of my personal security. b) Because people may beg for unnecessary help. c) Because they will broadcast me as rich man. d) Because I do not trust them. e) Because I do not think it necessary. Section 4: This section asks about factors influence patronage of zakat institutions. Please indicate your level of agreement on these statements Intention to use zakat institution No Statement SD D N A SA 1 I have intention to patronise zakat institution. 1 2 3 4 5 2 I have intention to patronize zakat institutions in the nearest future. 1 2 3 4 5 3 I plan to pay my zakat to zakat institution every year. 1 2 3 4 5 4 I intend to pay my zakat to zakat institution because I am concern about religion issue 1 2 3 4 5 5 I plan to pay my zakat to zakat institution rather than pay directly to zakat recipients 1 2 3 4 5 316 Attitude No Statement SD D N A SA 1 I have a positive attitude towards zakat institution patronage. 1 2 3 4 5 2 I think it is good to pay zakat through zakat institution. 1 2 3 4 5 3 I think it is wise to pay zakat through zakat institution. 1 2 3 4 5 4 I believe zakat institution have more benefits compare to pay direct to zakat recipients. 1 2 3 4 5 5 I like to pay my zakat through zakat institution. 1 2 3 4 5 Religious obligation No Statement SD D N A SA 1 My religious beliefs will influence me to patronage of zakat institutions. 1 2 3 4 5 2 I always beliefs that paying zakat through zakat institution is more rewardable by Allah than personal zakat distribution 1 2 3 4 5 3 The main reason why I selected zakat institutions strictly, because of my religious prescription. 1 2 3 4 5 4 I will always choose zakat institutions because their managers deal with zakat religiously 1 2 3 4 5 5 I will always pay my zakat to zakat institution in order to follow my religion. 1 2 3 4 5 Knowledge No Statements SD D N A SA 1 I know that zakat is compulsory because is one of the pillars of Islam. 1 2 3 4 5 2 I know that there are zakat institutions but I do not like to pay my zakat to them. 1 2 3 4 5 3 I know that I should contact zakat institutions for the calculation of my zakat and I prefer to pay my zakat to them. 1 2 3 4 5 4 I know that paying zakat directly to the needy is not the best. 1 2 3 4 5 5 I will pay my zakat to zakat institution, if it is operated by knowledgeable people. 1 2 3 4 5 Subjective Norm 317 No Statements SD D N A SA 1 Most people who are important to me think that I should pay my zakat through zakat institutions. 1 2 3 4 5 2 Most people who are important to me feel that paying my zakat to zakat institutions is the best for me. 1 2 3 4 5 3 Is expected that people like me use zakat institutions 1 2 3 4 5 4 Most people who are important to me would think that using zakat institutions to pay my zakat is a wise idea. 1 2 3 4 5 5 Most people who are important to me would think that using zakat institutions is a good idea. 1 2 3 4 5 Media awareness No Statements SD D N A SA 1 I have read latest information about zakat institutions 1 2 3 4 5 2 I have watched the television program for the latest information of zakat institutions. 1 2 3 4 5 3 I hear the latest information about zakat institutions which is broadcast on the radio. 1 2 3 4 5 4 I have read the latest information about zakat institutions published on their website. 1 2 3 4 5 5 I read a lot of information about zakat institutions on whatshapps. 1 2 3 4 5 Family influence. No Statements SD D N A SA 1 My parents will think I should pay my zakat to zakat institutions. 1 2 3 4 5 2 My spouse will think I should pay my zakat to zakat institutions. 1 2 3 4 5 3 My close friends will think I should pay my zakat to zakat institutions. 1 2 3 4 5 4 My siblings will think I should pay my zakat to zakat institutions. 1 2 3 4 5 5 My children will think I should pay my zakat to zakat institutions. 1 2 3 4 5 Perceived Behavioral Control No Statements SD D N A SA 1 I know about benefit of zakat institutions 1 2 3 4 5 2 I have resources to pay to zakat institutions 1 2 3 4 5 3 I have the knowledge to use zakat institutions 1 2 3 4 5 4 I have the ability to use zakat institutions 1 2 3 4 5 5 I have experience about paying to zakat institutions 1 2 3 4 5 318 Trust about zakat institutions No Statements SD D N A SA 1 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions, if they are efficient. 1 2 3 4 5 2 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions, if I have positive feeling about their performance. 1 2 3 4 5 3 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions, if managers are dependable in their dealing with zakat resources. 1 2 3 4 5 4 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions, if zakat managers treat zakat recipients fairly 1 2 3 4 5 5 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions, if managers keep personal discussions confidential. 1 2 3 4 5 Transparency of zakat institutions No Statements SD D N A SA 1 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions, if their managers are accountable to the general public. 1 2 3 4 5 2 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions, if they make it easy to understand how they manage zakat resources. 1 2 3 4 5 3 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions, if there is proper account of zakat funds. 1 2 3 4 5 4 I will pay my zakat to zakat institution, if their managers are open and transparent. 1 2 3 4 5 5 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions, if their managers are frank and honest in all their dealings. 1 2 3 4 5 Zakat Managers No Statements SD D N A SA 1 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions to let zakat managers benefit from it. 1 2 3 4 5 2 I will pay my zakat to zakat institutions because zakat managers can be trusted. 1 2 3 4 5 3 I will pay my zakat to zakat managers I have confidence in them. 1 2 3 4 5 4 I will pay my zakat to zakat managers because it is not the best to pay directly to zakat recipients. 1 2 3 4 5 5 I will pay my zakat to zakat managers to avoid sins 1 2 3 4 5 319 Appendix E Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Result Unrotated Component Matrix of EFA Result: Attitude Rotated Component Matrix of EFA Result: Attitude Total Variance Explained Componen t Initial Eigenvalues Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 4,718 47,178 47,178 3,304 33,037 33,037 2 1,557 15,568 62,745 2,064 20,640 53,677 3 1,056 10,558 73,303 1,963 19,626 73,303 4 ,886 8,860 82,163 5 ,711 7,114 89,277 6 ,615 6,154 95,431 7 ,196 1,956 97,387 8 ,136 1,362 98,749 9 ,082 ,821 99,569 10 ,043 ,431 100,000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Total Variance Explained Compone nt Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Varianc e Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulativ e % 1 4,718 47,178 47,178 4,718 47,178 47,178 3,304 33,037 33,037 2 1,557 15,568 62,745 1,557 15,568 62,745 2,064 20,640 53,677 3 1,056 10,558 73,303 1,056 10,558 73,303 1,963 19,626 73,303 4 ,886 8,860 82,163 5 ,711 7,114 89,277 6 ,615 6,154 95,431 7 ,196 1,956 97,387 8 ,136 1,362 98,749 9 ,082 ,821 99,569 10 ,043 ,431 100,000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. 320 Component Matrix a Component 1 2 3 KN1 ,760 ,254 -,455 KN2 ,771 -,399 -,080 KN3 ,752 -,216 ,003 KN4 ,769 -,228 ,401 KN5 ,604 ,642 ,254 R1 ,675 ,307 -,558 R2 ,686 -,464 -,119 R3 ,593 -,113 -,094 R4 ,666 -,195 ,440 R5 ,548 ,680 ,300 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. 1.3. 3 components extracted. Screen Plot Attitude 321 322 Unrotated Component Matrix of EFA Result: Subjective Norm Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 4,850 48,505 48,505 2,665 26,649 26,649 2 1,198 11,978 60,483 2,335 23,347 49,996 3 1,147 11,467 71,950 2,195 21,954 71,950 4 ,923 9,226 81,176 5 ,766 7,661 88,837 6 ,628 6,284 95,121 7 ,289 2,894 98,015 8 ,112 1,123 99,138 9 ,070 ,700 99,838 10 ,016 ,162 100,000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. 323 Scree Plot: Subjective Norm 324 Unrotated component Matrix of EFA Result: Perceived Behavioural Control Total Variance Explained Component Initial Eigenvalues Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Variance Cumulative % Total % of Variance Cumulative % 1 7,151 47,674 47,674 2,954 19,694 19,694 2 1,579 10,525 58,199 2,560 17,065 36,758 3 1,560 10,402 68,602 2,538 16,921 53,679 4 1,142 7,610 76,212 2,281 15,208 68,887 5 1,003 6,686 82,898 2,102 14,010 82,898 6 ,872 5,810 88,708 7 ,504 3,362 92,070 8 ,408 2,723 94,793 9 ,269 1,793 96,585 10 ,178 1,187 97,772 11 ,111 ,741 98,513 12 ,105 ,699 99,212 13 ,053 ,354 99,566 14 ,052 ,345 99,911 15 ,013 ,089 100,000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. 325 Scree Plot: Perceived Behavioural Control 326 Rotated Component Matrix a Component 1 2 3 4 5 TRT1 ,843 ,155 ,104 ,180 ,154 TRT2 ,373 ,727 -,072 ,184 ,333 TRT3 ,413 ,171 ,141 ,789 ,244 TRT4 ,183 ,212 ,253 ,147 ,849 TRT5 ,467 -,045 ,619 ,143 ,313 TRAN1 ,873 ,230 ,208 ,208 ,119 TRAN2 ,238 ,844 ,108 ,249 ,167 TRAN3 ,238 ,148 ,098 ,858 ,259 TRAN4 ,073 ,203 ,231 ,177 ,872 TRAN5 ,343 ,067 ,643 ,112 ,269 MG1 ,791 ,235 ,259 ,176 -,013 MG2 ,121 ,866 ,191 ,101 ,087 MG3 ,066 ,339 ,463 ,746 -,062 MG4 -,067 ,413 ,635 ,198 ,358 MG5 ,187 ,086 ,895 ,166 ,080 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 8 iterations.