Abdullah N.R.Sharif F.Azizan N.H.Hafidz I.F.M.Supramani S.Usuldin S.R.A.Ahmad R.Wan-Mohtar W.A.A.Q.I.2024-05-292024-05-2920202471-188810.3934/microbiol.20200232-s2.0-85095834353https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095834353&doi=10.3934%2fmicrobiol.2020023&partnerID=40&md5=e6dac53758558105d3c83d21c6194074https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/microbiol.2020023https://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/10460Volume :6 Issue :4The pellet morphology and diameter range (DR) of Ganoderma lucidum were observed in a repeated-batch fermentation (RBF) for the trio total production of biomass, exopolysaccharide (EPS) and endopolysaccharide (ENS). Two factors were involved in RBF; broth replacement ratio (BRR: 60%, 75% and 90%) and broth replacement time point (BRTP: log, transition and stationary phase) in days. In RBF, 34.31 g/L of biomass favoured small-compact pellets with DR of 20.67 μm< d < 24.00 μm (75% BRR, day 11 of BRTP). EPS production of 4.34 g/L was prone to ovoid-starburst pellets with DR of 34.33 μm< d <35.67 μm (75% BRR, day 13 of BRTP). Meanwhile, the highest 2.43 g/L of ENS production favoured large-hollow pellets with DR of 34.00 μm< d < 38.67 μm (90% BRR, day 13 of BRTP). In addition, RBF successfully shortened the biomass-EPS–ENS fermentation period (31, 33 and 35 days) from batch to 5 days, in seven consecutive cycles of RBF. In a FTIR detection, β-glucan (BG) from EPS and ENS extracts were associated with β-glycosidic linkages (2925 cm-1, 1635 cm-1, 1077 cm-1,920 cm-1 and 800 cm-1 wavelengths) with similar1H NMR spectral behaviour (4.58, 3.87 and 3.81 ppm). Meanwhile, 4 mg/L of BG gave negative cytotoxic effects on normal gingival cell line (hGF) but induced antiproliferation (IC50 = 0.23 mg/mL) against cancerous oral Asian cellosaurus cell line (ORL-48). Together, this study proved that G. lucidum mycelial pellets could withstand seven cycles of long fermentation condition and possessed anti-oral cancer beta-glucan, which suits large-scale natural drug fermentation. © 2020 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.en-USAnti-oral cancerEndopolysaccharideExopolysaccharideGanoderma lucidumPellet morphologyRepeated-batch fermentationArticle37940064