M.B.NoremyliaMohamad Zaki HassanZarini Ismail2024-05-282024-05-2820222022-6-17M.B. Noremylia, Mohamad Zaki Hassan, Zarini Ismail, Recent advancement in isolation, processing, characterization and applications of emerging nanocellulose: A review, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume 206, 2022, Pages 954-976, ISSN 0141-8130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.064.0141-8130903-1510.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.064https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0141813022005347?via%3Dihubhttps://oarep.usim.edu.my/handle/123456789/5605International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Volume 206, 1 May 2022, Pages 954-976 **Islamic Science University of Malaysia does not subscribe to this content.The emergence of nanocellulose from various natural resources as a promising nanomaterial has been gaining interest for a wide range application. Nanocellulose serves as an excellent candidate since it contributes numerous superior properties and functionalities. In this review, details of the three main nanocellulose categorised: cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofibril (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) have been described. We focused on the preparation and isolation techniques to produce nanocellulose including alkaline pre-treatment, acid hydrolysis, TEMPO-mediated oxidation, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The surface modification of nanocellulose through esterification, silylation, amidation, phosphorylation, and carboxymethylation to improve the diverse applications has also been reviewed. Some invigorating perspectives on the applications, challenges, and future directions on the relevant issues regarding nanocellulose are also presented.enCellulose, Nanocellulose, Nanocrystal, Nanofiber, NanomaterialsArticle9549762062022